http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060013655
Can auto racing project two shades of green?
Brittany Patterson  February 19, 2015

[images  
http://www.eenews.net/image_assets/2015/02/image_asset_9473.jpg
Leilani Münter at a NASCAR race. (She's also a biology major.) Photo
courtesy of Alex Krohn Photography/Wikipedia.

http://www.eenews.net/image_assets/2015/02/image_asset_9474.jpg
Preparing for Miami and Long Beach: A Spark-Renault SRT_01E on a test run at
a British racetrack. Photo courtesy of FIA Formula E.
]

Leilani Münter, whose self-proclaimed motto is "Never underestimate a
vegetarian hippie chick with a race car," isn't your typical NASCAR
archetype.

At 5 feet 3 inches tall and just over 100 pounds, the former biology major
and current vegan may be small, but she says she'll gladly shout from any
platform she's given on the importance of caring for our environment. She's
spoken before the United Nations and twice to the White House, but she said
she most enjoys talking to her race car fans.

Münter, who fell into racing by accident in 2001, says since reaching a
professional level in racing where she garners attention as a driver -- she
is currently with the ARCA Racing Series and raced Saturday at Daytona
International Speedway during the Lucas Oil 200 -- her voice as an
environmentalist has been magnified.

"There's a lot more crossover than most people think," she said.

An occasional series on the impacts that global warming is having on some of
the world's most popular sports.

Münter has been particularly vocal, adding a section to her website on
environmental news; racing a car decked out in advertisements for the
documentary "Blackfish" and another for Operation Free, a group of veterans
advocating for clean energy; purchasing an acre of rainforest for each race
she runs; and driving her Tesla (which is powered by solar energy from her
rooftop panels) to and from races.

When she began touting environmentalism as a driver, Münter says many of her
fans either didn't know or didn't want to know about climate change, but she
has been heartened by how the response has changed. For example, she recalls
one fan, "your typical NASCAR fan, think a Budweiser in his hand, wearing a
Dale Earnhardt T-shirt," who emailed her asking for more information about
the program she uses to purchase rainforest as racing emission offsets.

"He said he was racking his brain trying to figure out what to get his wife
for her birthday, and he was writing to me to find out how to do that," she
said. "That was five years ago. It's only gotten better."

Still, the driver says she's had trouble finding sponsors that fit with her
environmental mission, but as an athlete she says it's a privilege to be
able to reach people because of her sport, adding that it's just as
important for athletes to speak directly to the fans who love them as it is
for the sports industries to make efforts on their own.

The dialogue, she argues, is especially important for racing fans who aren't
necessarily the types of people she'd see on the environmental circuit.

"But they'll be at the race this weekend, and every chance I'll get I'll try
to talk to them," she said.

Is one of the world's most influential sports sustainable?
Motorsport, which includes NASCAR, Formula One and rally car racing to name
a few, has a substantial global fan base. NASCAR estimates it has 75 million
fans, 100 million to 105 million if you go by Nielsen television ratings. In
2014, worldwide television audiences for Formula One topped 425 million.

Auto racing isn't known for being particularly good to the environment.

"I think there is a strong case to be made that, other than perhaps golf,
stock car racing has been the most environmentally destructive sport in the
North American pro sports landscape," Joshua Newman, director of the Center
for Sport, Health and Equitable Development at Florida State University and
author of a book about NASCAR, said in an email.

"It was founded on the spectacle of speed, and that spectacle takes a lot of
horsepower, a lot of petrol, and a lot of carbon dioxide emissions. NASCAR
race cars travel millions of miles per season (racing, practicing,
transporting to races, etc.), with staggering emissions rates (about 2-5
miles per gallon) and has historically used lead additives in its racing
fuels."

In 2008, NASCAR launched its sustainability program, NASCAR Green, and this
year marks the inaugural season for Formula E, an entirely electric 10-race
offshoot of the racing behemoth Formula One.

Of the sports that climate change will impact, notably snow sports and
others that are played in the increasing summer heat, motorsport isn't
really one of them. In the ways it will be affected, it is well-positioned
to adapt, said Greg Dingle, a lecturer for sport management in the
Department of Marketing and Management at the La Trobe Business School in
Australia.

"The motor industry has a long history of engineering cars to run in hot
temperatures," he said. "Motor racing is a sport with considerable adaptive
capacity."

Still, because car racing depends on nonrenewable resources such as oil,
plastics and rubber, and racing events bring thousands out to racetracks
around the world, motorsport plays a role in producing greenhouse gas
emissions and climate change, Dingle wrote in a 2009 paper on the
environmental sustainability of motorsport.

"Sport has a significant capacity to communicate to people what we can do
about climate change," he said. "Since motorsport is fossil fuel-based in a
big way, what they're really saying is we don't care."

NASCAR's green campaign
Six years ago, Michael Lynch was brought on board to create a formal new
strategic business initiative for NASCAR.

"There was no partner outcry, no fan outcry for it and no regulatory
pressure whatsoever," the vice president of green innovation said. "It was
seen as an opportunity for the sport to make a huge difference and
demonstrate that green could be done as a business." ...

NASCAR Green has 26 programs, including tree planting to offset racing
emissions, recycling at the tracks and tire recycling.

Specific to NASCAR is that the brand is the overarching framework, and that
gives the company a unique pedestal to promote green messaging, Lynch said.

"If you ask a NASCAR fan what they're a fan of, they'll tell you
straightforward, 'I'm a NASCAR fan,'" he said, as opposed to being a fan of
a specific team. "Fans embody the whole lifestyle, they live the sport."

That means, Lynch said, NASCAR Green can use radio, television and social
media messages for the entirety of the sport's 38-week season.


Formula E 'Spark' race car
According to NASCAR polling, it seems to be working. Three out of four
NASCAR fans are aware of NASCAR Green and say it shows NASCAR cares about
the environment. Eighty percent of fans believe in climate change, and
two-thirds support actions such as buying solar panels for their home and
using light-emitting diodes.

Rebecca Scott, a sociology professor at the University of Missouri who has
written about the intersection of NASCAR and the environment, said she's
sure the company means well but its efforts amount to greenwashing ...

Scott said without challenging the inherent consumerism and dependence on
fossil fuels built into the sport, NASCAR is merely trying to expand its fan
base by appealing to Americans who might have the environment on the mind.

"I guess it's better than nothing, but it doesn't represent a real
transformation," she said.

Or, as Newman puts it, NASCAR Green is primarily an effort in what brand
managers call organizational perception management.

"This is a tactic historically used by military agencies seeking to divert
attention away from the effects of war (death, destruction, etc.) and toward
more positive renderings of freedom, liberation, and sacrifice for the
nation," he said. "The costs associated with actually making the sport more
environmentally sustainable (or less impactful) would be far greater than
the cost of having Jeff Gordon plant a few trees or putting a few Coca-Cola
emblazoned recycling bins at Darlington Raceway."

It is a shrewd business decision, he adds, but will come nowhere near
offsetting the negative environmental -- and long-term economic -- costs the
sport enterprise passes on to taxpayers and citizens in communities where
their events are held.

For Dingle, as long as fossil fuel continues to be the backbone of the
racing sport, any actions the industry might take maintains the status quo.

"They've very sensitive to criticism because it's a lot cheaper to maintain
the status quo," he said. "To move to 100 percent solar-powered cars, ...
it's all technically possible, but it's expensive and it's a big change, and
they're entirely dependent on the auto industry to make a significant change
themselves. A zero-emissions race car, that's something approaching
sustainable. Anything less than that isn't a change."

Enter Formula E
On March 14, the world's first fully electric racing series, an offshoot of
Formula One dubbed Formula E, will make its American debut in Miami.

The inaugural season features 10 teams in single-seater cars built by a
partnership between the French automaker Renault, and a consortium of
companies that make Formula One race car components called Spark Racing
Technology.

The result was the Spark-Renault SRT_01E, a car that is made from carbon
fiber and aluminum and fueled by a specially developed battery. The car's
electric motors are 200-kilowatt pieces of technology developed by a Formula
One giant, McLaren Automotive.

The electric cars can't go as fast as their Formula One counterparts,
topping out around 150 mph, whereas Formula One cars often hit 200 mph and
are quieter, too. Drivers liken the sound the electric cars make to that of
a jet engine.

The idea is to leverage people's interest in the technology powering the
electric race cars and hope it translates to decisions they make about
personal vehicles they could one day choose to own. By innovating the
technology for the racetrack, the organization hopes it can spur growth in
the commercial sector.

"This concept is at the very core of the idea behind Formula E," said Luca
Colajanni, head of communications for Formula E. "A series that must not
only promote electric vehicles but one that also serves as a technological
test bed for manufacturer."

The organizers are hoping to reach younger fans by racing on city streets in
urban environments, using social media and playing music in the background
at races. Colajanni says the United States has the biggest market for
electric vehicles, and Formula E's presence here is no accident. It is the
only country hosting two races during this first season.

Miami was chosen because "it's a city that looks to the future, which
experiments with new technology and is oriented toward sustainable
development, and it's also a place to have fun," Colajanni said. The second
American race is scheduled to be held in Long Beach, Calif., in April.

The organizers say they are not trying to compete with existing motorsports
but to get young people interested. The idea has been championed by Jean
Todt, president of the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile, the
Paris-based governing board for international racing events.

"Few people are as aware as Todt of just how useful motorsport can be as a
promotional tool, as well as a driver of technical development, and we
shared his idea that electric vehicles needed something specific in terms of
motorsport to try and make a leap forward in terms of quality," Colajanni
said.

Speaking from her Tesla Model S as she drove it from her home in Charlotte,
N.C., to the Daytona International Speedway, Münter stressed how much
interest she gets from both her neighbors and race fans about her electric
car.

She says she makes a big deal about driving long distances on electric
because in her experience the best way to feed the curiosity and show people
more environmentally sustainable actions can be taken is to "just do it."

That action, she said, needs to come from both the sports industries, which
she sees evolving, but also from the athletes themselves. The potential is
there.

"I cannot control what the racing series does, but my efforts are about
educating as many race fans as I can," she said. "Just because you like fast
cars doesn't mean you don't care about the ocean or clean air or clean
water."
[© 2015 E&E Publishing]
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