Thanks for sharing 2010/7/12, M. Abdollahi <[email protected]>: > thank you so much > > It's very helpful. > > On Mon, Jul 12, 2010 at 9:04 AM, Eduardo Costa <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Take a look here... >> >> >> ---------- Forwarded message ---------- >> >> >> *CV* stands for *curriculum vitae* - a Latin expression meaning 'life >> story'. (In American English it is called a *resume*.) It summarises your >> *education*, *achievements* and *job history* for prospective employers >> and so it should be carefully prepared. A CV is usually sent with a >> covering >> letter. >> >> When employers ask for a CV, they're setting you the task of inventing an >> 'original' application for the job. This is different from an application >> form, which asks all candidates to fill in the same boxes under the same >> headings. The CV really is a unique selling document. It's an opportunity >> to >> make yourself stand out. It will be different for every application you >> make. >> >> The decisions about which CV style to use, what to include and omit, what >> to emphasise, and how to order the information, are all determined by what >> is the best way to sell yourself to an employer who has a specific >> vacancy. >> Your CV is never 'done'. It's constantly revised and rewritten for each >> new >> application. >> >> In the US, the term 'résumé' is usually used to distinguish this more >> marketed document from an academically focused biography, although in the >> UK >> the terms are more interchangeable. >> >> The way you present information on your CV is relatively flexible and will >> depend on what you have to offer. However, it's generally recognised that >> all CVs tend to include the following sections. >> >> >> <http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Applications__CVs_and_interviews/CVs_and_covering_letters/CV_content/p!eigadcl#top_of_page> >> >> Personal details >> >> Keep this section brief - no more than a quarter of a page. Ensure you're >> easily contactable at the address given and if necessary include term-time >> and home addresses with dates for availability at each. >> >> Email addresses are useful. Choose one that reflects well upon you - not >> for example, as one graduate employer reported: >> [email protected]. >> >> In or out? >> >> - Date of birth has been a usual but not mandatory feature on CVs. Age >> discrimination legislation made this a less legitimate CV requirement >> from >> October 2006. >> - Nationality is not mandatory but can be useful, particularly to >> clarify your ability to work in a country. International students may >> wish >> to use this section to clarify their work permit status. Although some >> international students choose not to include nationality on a CV, some >> UK >> employers do not recruit non-EU nationals who need work permits, and >> may >> even screen out applicants at a later stage of selection if their >> nationality was not previously disclosed. >> - Marital status, gender and health status are not included unless this >> information is specifically and legitimately requested for the post. >> >> <http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Applications__CVs_and_interviews/CVs_and_covering_letters/CV_content/p!eigadcl#top_of_page> >> >> Personal profile/career objective >> >> If you use a profile, keep it brief at three or four lines maximum. Use it >> to demonstrate your career focus and/or current aims and perhaps evidence >> of >> two or three main strengths and where they were developed. This is a part >> of >> your CV which is likely to change with every application You may want to >> tailor the profile to reflect company ethos and values. Avoid generic >> skills >> statements such as 'good communicator, team worker with strong analytical >> skills'. Make the personal profile relevant to the vacancy and employer. >> >> Profiles are optional and this information could alternatively be included >> in your covering letter. >> Education >> >> Details about your education are usually stated in reverse chronological >> order, with your most recent experiences first, back to your secondary >> level >> education. Include dates, the name of the institution, and town. Full >> addresses are not required. Integrate your education and qualifications >> into >> one section. Think about the relevance of the information. Summarise GCSEs >> but market your later education more fully and use language that will be >> familiar to the employer. Suggestions include a list of relevant modules, >> information about projects and dissertations undertaken, average grades to >> date or predicted results, and/or skills developed. For example: >> >> - data analysis, interpreting statistical information and experience >> with relevant computer packages; >> - teamworking, communication and presentation skills developed during >> group projects; >> - creativity, initiative and design ability for artistic studies. >> >> It can be tempting to try to cover up a poor grade by not mentioning it at >> all, but there may be ways of limiting the damage on paper. If you're >> unsure >> about how to approach this, consult your careers adviser. >> Experience >> >> All work experience counts, whether paid, voluntary or shadowing. Aim for >> reverse chronological order with rough dates to illustrate how long you >> were >> there. Focus on your responsibilities, achievements in the role, and >> illustrations of where skills were used or developed. Try to give yourself >> a >> job title and use terminology relevant to the post you're applying for or >> that shows commercial awareness. >> >> You may wish to create a separate section for experience particularly >> relevant to the post you're applying for. Typical headers might be: >> 'relevant experience', 'technical experience' or 'legal experience'. >> Similarly, as you gain more work experience, it may be appropriate to >> group >> some experiences together. >> >> An example would be: >> >> Summer 2004: A variety of customer service roles including bar work, >> waitressing and telesales. Developed an awareness of customer relationship >> management and improved my influencing skills when working with >> challenging >> clients under pressure. >> Positions of responsibility, achievements, interests >> >> These are all relevant sections to include and can be used to demonstrate >> that you're motivated to pursue other activities, have an interest in a >> relevant career, and take the initiative to develop your involvements and >> skills. Again, try to focus on recent achievements and what your >> contributions were, what skills you developed and what the outcomes were. >> Employers will not necessarily spend time trying to make sense of your >> experience. >> Referees >> >> - Two referees are the norm, one academic and one work-related, or a >> character referee if allowed. >> - Give their phone number and email along with their title and full >> contact address. >> - Always ask for their permission first and remember to keep them >> informed of your career aspirations and achievements to date. >> - If a reference from your immediate manager is not possible, consider >> using someone else in the company. >> - If using an international referee, it's a good idea to confirm with >> them that they can provide a fax or email in English. >> - If you're running out of space, and referees' details are not >> explicitly requested, it's acceptable to state 'References available >> upon >> request'. >> >> Aim >> >> Good and appropriate CV layout is critical to show effectively how your >> skills match the requirements for a particular post. In the first >> instance, >> the employer is looking at your ingenuity in addressing the challenge of >> making the connection between yourself and their job. >> Focus >> >> Your CV layout itself demonstrates motivation and respect for the >> employer. >> The person reading the CV will usually be the person who wrote the job >> specification or newspaper advertisement. If your layout is focused on the >> information they provided, they will be more likely to shortlist you. The >> care you take to target, interpret and prioritise your experiences also >> demonstrates effective written communication skills. >> Accessibility >> >> The employer will probably scan rather than read the CV, so it's essential >> that the layout makes it easy to navigate. This means a strong internal >> logic with headings and consistent use of effects. Make sure you're giving >> the reader strong visual signals about how the CV should be read. >> To make it look good >> >> - Ideally the font size of regular text should 11 or 12. Don't be >> tempted to cram in more text in a smaller font. You should be able to >> hold >> your CV at arm's length and still read it comfortably. >> - Use headings likely to engage the employer such as 'Relevant Skills & >> Experience'. >> - Better still, use headings taken from the employer's original >> advertisement or job specification. >> - Avoid large blocks of text that won't be read. >> - Split information into individual focused bullet points. >> - Start sentences with competency-based words that emphasise the skill, >> quality or attribute you're presenting. >> - CVs should be two pages maximum, unless you're applying for an >> academic research position. >> - Use good quality paper. >> - Always check spelling and grammar. Ask a careers adviser or third >> party to read through the final version. >> - In the main, graphics and gimmicks are to be avoided. >> - Using tables and charts can make a CV look cluttered and detract from >> the information given. >> - Overall, try to use a consistent style and format and don't overdo >> underlining and capitals. >> - Try a different or larger font for headings and use bold for >> emphasis. >> - For some creative roles, an alternative approach may be appreciated >> but keep it original and professional. >> >> *Covering Letters* >> >> Your CV should always be accompanied by a covering letter. This gives you >> an opportunity to give your CV some context. >> >> The covering letter is the principal way in which you can demonstrate your >> understanding of the employing organisation and how you relate to its >> values, ethos and aspirations. While your CV sets out the skills you have >> for the post, your covering letter more explicitly presents your >> motivation >> and adaptability. A covering letter should: >> >> - demonstrate to the employer your interest in and knowledge of the >> company; >> - highlight particular parts of your CV that are your unique selling >> points; >> - draw attention to additional information that does not fit easily >> into a CV; >> - explain any personal circumstances or anomalies in your application. >> >> Well-written covering letters are also particularly effective for >> speculative applications outside a recruitment cycle. >> >> Style >> >> - Address your letter to a named person. Especially with speculative >> applications, you should phone the company and find out the name of the >> person who deals with recruitment. This will ensure that it reaches the >> right person. It also gives you a contact name for a follow-up call or >> email. >> - Think from the employer's perspective rather than your own. Tell them >> what you can contribute to the organisation rather than how it can >> benefit >> you. >> - Ideally your covering letter should be no more than one page long and >> with short and clearly themed paragraphs. >> >> Content >> >> The following format provides a useful overview for a letter: >> >> - Briefly introduce yourself, state what position you're applying for >> and where you saw it advertised. For a speculative letter, specify the >> type >> of work you're looking for. >> - Explain why you're interested in this type of work, demonstrating an >> understanding of what it's likely to involve. >> - Explain why you're interested in working for this particular >> employer. Demonstrate enthusiasm and evidence of research into such >> aspects >> as their successes, involvements, values or clients. >> - Highlight the ways in which you're suitable for this position. >> Provide evidence of your key strengths by referring to experience >> listed on >> your CV. Aim to show that your key strengths reflect the requirements >> of the >> employer and position. >> - Take the opportunity, if necessary, to explain any anomalies in your >> background, such as any time gaps or any ways in which you don't match >> the >> selection criteria. Perhaps explain how any hurdles you've encountered >> have >> helped you develop in a positive way. >> - Indicate availability for interview. >> >> Disclosure of disability >> >> You may feel that your health or disability doesn't affect your ability to >> do the job for which you're applying, and that the employer won't view you >> objectively if the disability is declared. This is your choice. At the >> same >> time, disclosure can be positive when it shows how you've developed skills >> in adverse circumstances or have overcome significant obstacles to reach >> your current level of achievement. >> >> Disclosure also improves your access to equal opportunities and training >> schemes in place under current legislation. There may be a health and >> safety >> implication, e.g. a requirement for workplace adaptations, which the >> employer needs to know from the outset. Failure to disclose the truth on >> an >> application form when asked, or on a medical form, could give rise to >> dismissal later on. >> >> A covering letter may refer to disability in terms such as: >> >> 'My enthusiasm and determination can be demonstrated by voluntary work. As >> a member of the National Diabetic Association, I help to raise funds to >> increase awareness. Having diabetes and achieving high academic grades, >> working part time throughout my studies and raising large amounts of money >> through organising sponsored events, has developed my flexibility and >> ability to meet targets and manage my work effectively'. >> >> -- >> "... As of tomorrow, employees will only be able to access the building >> using individual security cards. Pictures will be taken next Wednesday and >> employees will receive their cards in two weeks..." >> >> ************************************************ >> Fred Dales, Microsoft >> ************************************************ >> >> - >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "ESL Podcast". >> To post to this group, send email to: [email protected] or just >> reply this message >> For invite your friends, visit: >> http://groups.google.com/group/eslpodcast/members_invite >> Know how help us, visit this FAQ at: >> http://groups.google.com/group/eslpodcast/web/frequently-asked-questions > > > > > -- > Mohammadreza Abdollahi > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "ESL Podcast". > To post to this group, send email to: [email protected] or just > reply this message > For invite your friends, visit: > http://groups.google.com/group/eslpodcast/members_invite > Know how help us, visit this FAQ at: > http://groups.google.com/group/eslpodcast/web/frequently-asked-questions
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