The change also breaks org-file-newer-than-p function that triggered the debugger while loading my init that uses org babel. I was able to use the example of the patch that Paul Eggert provided earlier for the desktop-save to add the time-convert to “fix” org-file-newer-than-p as shown below. Not positive that I needed to change it in both places, but it works for me now on macOS Monterey.
modified lisp/org/org-macs.el @@ -264,8 +264,8 @@ org-file-newer-than-p ;; (e.g. HFS+) do not retain any finer granularity. As ;; a consequence, make sure we return non-nil when the two ;; times are equal. - (not (time-less-p (cl-subseq (nth 5 (file-attributes file)) 0 2) - (cl-subseq time 0 2))))) + (not (time-less-p (cl-subseq (time-convert (nth 5 (file-attributes file)) 'list) 0 2) + (cl-subseq (time-convert time 'list) 0 2)))))