Unless you insist on using Computer Modern with a word processing programm (yes, it can be done, at least with the OTF versions of these fonts), or Times New Roman/Cambria with LaTeX (again possible thanks to their OTF incarnation) and slaving to force LaTeX choices on Word (or Word choices on LaTeX, much harder and probably abysmally stupid), your resulting documents will vary for much larger reasons : floats handling, table structures, layout structure, different ligatures, different kernings, etc...
Add maths and bibliographic references to the mix, and your chances of obtaining "the same result" are about those of a snowball in Sirius' photosphere... BTW: since most of what is typeset nowadays will be used as PDF, HTML and/or epub (and paper-printed only for archival purposes), it is high time to revisit typography funamentals (currently based on more than 5 centuries of use of the *physics* of the "paper" medium) to adapt them to the physics of computer display and the physiology of human reading of this new medium (which is *not* the same as "paper" reading). This dautingly complex task has not yet attracted the attention of our myriads of "communication specialists", who also carefully shun the problem of retinking what should be the layout of a publication aimed at electronic media and embalm the habits (such as justification, pagination, foot- and end-notes, bibliographic references and entries, indexes, etc...) born of 5 centuries of paper-printed, codex-bound publications... HTH, -- Emmanuel Charpentier
