https://orgmode.org/manual/Tables-in-LaTeX-export.html#Tables-in-LaTeX-export
To fix my problem, I did the following:
(1) add this to the top of the org file:
#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{longtable}
(2) Before the table definition, add the following:
#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment longtable
This fixes the issue. Any table with many rows will now continue to the
next page.
