Structural Equation Modelling for Ecologists and Evolutionary Biologists 
(SEMR02)

https://www.prstatistics.com/course/structural-equation-modelling-for-
ecologists-and-evolutionary-biologists-semr02/

This course will delivered by Dr. Jonathan Lefcheck from the 19th - 23rd 
November 2018 in Glasgow City centre.

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Course Overview:
This course is a primer on structural equation modelling (SEM) and 
confirmatory path analysis, with an emphasis on practical skills and 
applications to real-world data.

Structural equation modelling is a rapidly growing technique in ecology and 
evolution that unites multiple hypotheses in a single causal network. It 
provides an intuitive graphical representation of relationships among 
variables, underpinned by well-described mathematical estimation 
procedures. Several advances in SEM over the past few years have expanded 
its utility for typical ecological datasets, which include count data, 
missing observations, and nested or hierarchical designs.

We will cover the basic philosophy behind SEM, provide approachable 
mathematical explanations of the techniques, and cover recent extensions to 
mixed effects models and non-normal distributions. Along the way, we will 
work through many examples from the primary literature using the open-
source statistical software R (www.r-project.org). We will draw on two 
popular R packages for conducting SEM, including lavaan and piecewiseSEM.

Participants are encouraged to bring their own data, as there will be 
opportunities throughout the course to plan, analyze, and receive feedback 
on structural equation models.
Course Programme

Monday 19th – Classes from 09:30 to 17:30
Introduction to SEM
Module 1: What is Structural Equation Modeling? Why would I use it?
Module 2: Creating multivariate causal models
Module 3: Fitting piecewise models
Readings: Grace 2010 (overview), Whalen et al. 2013 (example)

Tuesday 20th – Classes from 09:30 to 17:30
SEM Using Likelihood
Module 4: Fitting Observed Variable models with covariance structures 
Module 5: What does it mean to evaluate a multivariate hypothesis?
Module 6: Latent Variable models Module 7: ANCOVA revisited & Nonlinearities
Readings: Grace & Bollen 2005, Shipley 2004
Optional Reading: Pearl 2012, Pearl 2009 (causality)

Wednesday 21st – Classes from 09:30 to 17:30
Piecewise SEM
Module 8: Introduction to piecewise approach
Module 9: Incorporation of random effects models
Model 10: Autocorrelation Reading: Shipley 2009; Lefcheck 2016

Thursday 22nd – Classes from 09:30 to 17:30
Advanced Topics with Likelihood and Piecewise SEM
Module 11: Multigroup models and non-linearities
Module 12: Composite Variables
Module 13: Phylogenetically-correlated data
Module 14: Prediction using SEM
Module 15: How To Reject A Paper That Uses SEM
Readings: Grace & Julia 1999, von Hardenberg & Gonzalez‐Voyer 2013

Friday 23rd – Classes from 09:30 to 16:00
Open Lab and Final Presentations
Email oliverhoo...@prstatistics.com

Check out our sister sites,
www.PRstatistics.com (Ecology and Life Sciences)
www.PRinformatics.com (Bioinformatics and data science)
www.PSstatistics.com (Behaviour and cognition) 

1.      October 8th – 12th 2018
INTRODUCTION TO FREQUENTIST AND BAYESIAN MIXED (HIERARCHICAL) MODELS 
(IFBM01)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr Andrew Parnell
https://www.psstatistics.com/course/introduction-to-frequentis-and-bayesian-
mixed-models-ifbm01/

2.      October 15th – 19th 2018
APPLIED BAYESIAN MODELLING FOR ECOLOGISTS AND EPIDEMIOLOGISTS (ABME04)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Matt Denwood, Emma Howard
http://www.prstatistics.com/course/applied-bayesian-modelling-ecologists-
epidemiologists-abme04/

3.      October 23rd – 25th 2018
INTRODUCTIUON TO R (This is a private ‘in-house’ course)
London, England, Dr William Hoppitt

4.      October 29th – November 2nd 2018
INTRODCUTION TO R AND STATISTICS FOR BIOLOGISTS (IRFB02)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Olivier Gauthier
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/introduction-to-statistics-and-r-for-
biologists-irfb02/

5.      October 29th – November 2nd 2018
INTRODUCTION TO BIOINFORMATICS FOR DNA AND RNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS (IBDR01)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr Malachi Griffith, Dr. Obi Griffith
www.prinformatics.com/course/precision-medicine-bioinformatics-from-raw-
genome-and-transcriptome-data-to-clinical-interpretation-pmbi01/

6.      November 5th – 8th 2018
PHYLOGENETIC COMPARATIVE METHODS FOR STUDYING DIVERSIFICATION AND 
PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION (PCME01)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/phylogenetic-comparative-methods-for-
studying-diversification-and-phenotypic-evolution-pcme01/

7.      November 19th – 23rd 2018
STRUCTUAL EQUATION MODELLING FOR ECOLOGISTS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS 
(SEMR02)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Jonathan Lefcheck
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/structural-equation-modelling-for-
ecologists-and-evolutionary-biologists-semr02/

8.      November 26th – 30th 2018
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY FROM ORGANISM TO ECOSYSTEM: THEORY AND COMPUTATION 
(FEER01)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Francesco de Bello, Dr. Lars Götzenberger, Dr. 
Carlos Carmona
http://www.prstatistics.com/course/functional-ecology-from-organism-to-
ecosystem-theory-and-computation-feer01/

9.      December 3rd – 7th 2018
INTRODUCTION TO BAYESIAN DATA ANALYSIS FOR SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES 
USING R AND STAN (BDRS01)
Glasgow, Dr. Mark Andrews
https://www.psstatistics.com/course/introduction-to-bayesian-data-analysis-
for-social-and-behavioural-sciences-using-r-and-stan-bdrs01/

10.     January 21st – 25th 2019
STATISTICAL MODELLING OF TIME-TO-EVENT DATA USING SURVIVAL ANALYSIS: AN 
INTRODUCTION FOR ANIMAL BEHAVIOURISTS, ECOLOGISTS AND EVOLUTIONARY 
BIOLOGISTS (TTED01)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Will Hoppitt
https://www.psstatistics.com/course/statistical-modelling-of-time-to-event-
data-using-survival-analysis-tted01/

11.     January 21st – 25th 2019
ADVANCING IN STATISTICAL MODELLING USING R (ADVR08)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Luc Bussiere, Dr. Tom Houslay
http://www.prstatistics.com/course/advancing-statistical-modelling-using-r-
advr08/

12.     January 28th–  February 1st 2019
AQUATIC ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY DATA ANALYSIS AND SURVEY DESIGN
Glasgow, Scotland, VEMCO staff and affiliates
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/aquatic-acoustic-telemetry-data-
analysis-atda01/

13.     February  4th – 8th 2019
DESIGNING RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT EXPERIMENTS FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES (DRES01) 
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Daniel Lakens
https://www.psstatistics.com/course/designing-reliable-and-effecient-
experiments-for-social-sciences-dres01/

14.     February 11th – 15th 2019
REPRODUCIBLE DATA SCIENCE FOR POPULATION GENETICS
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Thibaut Jombart, Dr. Zhain Kamvar
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/reproducible-data-science-for-
population-genetics-rdpg02/

15.     25th February – 1st March 2019
MOVEMENT ECOLOGY (MOVE02)
Margam Discovery Centre, Wales, Dr. Luca Borger, Prof. Ronny Wilson, Dr 
Jonathan Potts
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/movement-ecology-move02/

16.     March 4th – 8th 2019
BIOACUSTIC DATA ANALYSIS
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Paul Howden-Leach 
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/bioacoustics-for-ecologists-hardware-
survey-design-and-data-analysis-biac01/

17.     March 11th – 15th  2019
ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELLING USING R (ENMR03)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Neftali Sillero
http://www.prstatistics.com/course/ecological-niche-modelling-using-r-
enmr03/

18.     March 18th – 22nd 2019
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS AND R FOR EVERYONE (IRFE01)
Crete, Greece, Dr Aristides (Aris) Moustakas
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/introduction-to-statistics-and-r-for-
anyone-irfe01/

19.     March 25th – 29th 2019
LANDSCAPE GENETIC DATA ANALYSIS USING R (LNDG03)
Glasgow, Scotland, Prof. Rodney Dyer
http://www.prstatistics.com/course/landscape-genetic-data-analysis-using-r-
lndg03/

20.     April 1st – 5th 2019
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL MODELLING FOR PSYCHOLOGISTS USING R (IPSY01)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Dale Barr, Dr Luc Bussierre   
http://www.psstatistics.com/course/introduction-to-statistics-using-r-for-
psychologists-ipsy02/

21.     April 1st – 5th 2019
INDIVIDUAL BASED MODELS FOR ECOLOGSITS (IBME01)
Glasgow Scotland, Dr Aristides (Aris) Moustakas
Link to follow

22.     April 8th – 12th 2019
MACHINE LEARNING 
Glasgow Scotland, Dr Aristides (Aris) Moustakas
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/machine-learning-using-r-mlur01/

23.     April 8th – 12th 2019
Spatial modelling, analysis and statistical inference of genomic data 
(SMAG01)
Crete, Greece, Dr Matt Fitzpatrick
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/spatial-modelling-analysis-and-
statistical-inference-of-genomic-data-smag01/

24.     May 6th – 10th 2019
MARK RECAPTURE METHODS AND DATA ANALYSIS FOR ECOLOGISTS (MRKR01)
Myuna Bay, Australia, TBC

25.     May 16th – 18th 2019 (please note this a 3-day course from Thursday 
to Saturday)
Aquatic movement ecology using R (AMER01) 
Myuna Bay, Australia, TBC

26.     May 16th – 19th 2019 (please note this a 4-day course from Thursday 
to Monday)
Introduction to R for everyone (IRFE02)
Myuna Bay, Australia, Dr Aristides (Aris) Moustakas

27.     May 20th – 24th 2019
MODEL BASE MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF ABUNDANCE DATA USING R (MBMV03)
Myuna Bay, Australia, Prof. David Warton
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/model-based-multivariate-analysis-of-
abundance-data-using-r-mbmv03/

28.     May 21st – 24th 2019
A statistical tool box for ecologists (STBE01)
Myuna Bay, Australia, Dr Aristides (Aris) Moustakas

29.     June 10th – 14th 2019
STABLE ISOTOPE MIXING MODELS USING SIAR, SIBER AND MIXSIAR (SIMM04)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Andrew Parnell, Dr. Andrew Jackson 
www.prstatistics.com/course/stable-isotope-mixing-models-using-r-simm04/

30.     June 17th – 21st 2019

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON FOR BIOLOGISTS (IPYB06)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Martin Jones
http://www.prinformatics.com/course/introduction-to-python-for-biologists-
ipyb06/

31.     June 24th – 28th 2019
ADVANCED PYTHON FOR BIOLOGISTS (APYB03)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Martin Jones
www.prinformatics.com/course/advanced-python-biologists-apyb03/

32.     July 1st – 5th 2019
DATA VISUALISATION AND MANIPULATION USING PYTHON (DVMP01)
Glasgow, Scotland, Dr. Martin Jones
http://www.prinformatics.com/course/data-visualisation-and-manipulation-
using-python-dvmp01/

33.     October 7th – 11th 2019
CONSERVATION PLANNING USING PRIORITIZR : FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE (PRTZ01)
Crete, Greece, Dr Richard Schuster and Nina Morell
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/conservation-planning-using-prioritizr-
from-theory-to-practice-prtz01/

34.     October 21st – 25th 2019
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO MIXED MODELS (INCLUDING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL 
AUTOCORRELATION) (MMTS01) 
Crete, Greece, Dr Aristides (Aris) Moustakas
https://www.prstatistics.com/course/a-complete-guide-to-mixed-models-
including-temporal-and-spatial-autocorrelation-mmts01/

Oliver Hooker PhD.
PR statistics

2018 publications - 

Alternative routes to piscivory: Contrasting growth trajectories in brown 
trout (Salmo trutta) ecotypes exhibiting contrasting life history 
strategies. Ecology of Freshwater Fish. DOI to follow

Phenotypic and resource use partitioning amongst sympatric lacustrine brown 
trout, Salmo trutta. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. DOI 
10.1093/biolinnean/bly032

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