There is so much literature on this. A straight forward explanation with examples can be found on the following Stats (George mason university) link:
http://stats.org/faq_vs.htm Ling Ling Huang Sacramento City College --- On Mon, 10/8/12, malcolm McCallum <[email protected]> wrote: From: malcolm McCallum <[email protected]> Subject: Re: [ECOLOG-L] correlation v. causation To: [email protected] Date: Monday, October 8, 2012, 6:29 PM See the book Correlation as Causation. Malcolm On Mon, Oct 8, 2012 at 5:39 PM, Shelly Thomas <[email protected]> wrote: > Dear Colleagues,The gen ed program and science departments at my university > are having a conversation this week about correlation v. causation. Already > I am finding serious differences (even within specific disciplines) in how > one determines "causation." > What do you think is required for causation (and what field are you in)? > Thank you,Shelly -- Malcolm L. McCallum Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences University of Missouri at Kansas City Managing Editor, Herpetological Conservation and Biology "Peer pressure is designed to contain anyone with a sense of drive" - Allan Nation 1880's: "There's lots of good fish in the sea" W.S. Gilbert 1990's: Many fish stocks depleted due to overfishing, habitat loss, and pollution. 2000: Marine reserves, ecosystem restoration, and pollution reduction MAY help restore populations. 2022: Soylent Green is People! The Seven Blunders of the World (Mohandas Gandhi) Wealth w/o work Pleasure w/o conscience Knowledge w/o character Commerce w/o morality Science w/o humanity Worship w/o sacrifice Politics w/o principle Confidentiality Notice: This e-mail message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message.
