Hi Sumit,
On Tue, Mar 25, 2025 at 7:33 AM Sumit Garg <sumit.g...@kernel.org> wrote:
>
> Hi Jens,
>
> On Wed, Mar 05, 2025 at 02:04:11PM +0100, Jens Wiklander wrote:
> > Implement DMA heap for restricted DMA-buf allocation in the TEE
> > subsystem.
> >
> > Restricted memory refers to memory buffers behind a hardware enforced
> > firewall. It is not accessible to the kernel during normal circumstances
> > but rather only accessible to certain hardware IPs or CPUs executing in
> > higher or differently privileged mode than the kernel itself. This
> > interface allows to allocate and manage such restricted memory buffers
> > via interaction with a TEE implementation.
> >
> > The restricted memory is allocated for a specific use-case, like Secure
> > Video Playback, Trusted UI, or Secure Video Recording where certain
> > hardware devices can access the memory.
> >
> > The DMA-heaps are enabled explicitly by the TEE backend driver. The TEE
> > backend drivers needs to implement restricted memory pool to manage the
> > restricted memory.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Jens Wiklander <jens.wiklan...@linaro.org>
> > ---
> > drivers/tee/Makefile | 1 +
> > drivers/tee/tee_heap.c | 470 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > drivers/tee/tee_private.h | 6 +
> > include/linux/tee_core.h | 62 +++++
> > 4 files changed, 539 insertions(+)
> > create mode 100644 drivers/tee/tee_heap.c
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/tee/Makefile b/drivers/tee/Makefile
> > index 5488cba30bd2..949a6a79fb06 100644
> > --- a/drivers/tee/Makefile
> > +++ b/drivers/tee/Makefile
> > @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
> > # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > obj-$(CONFIG_TEE) += tee.o
> > tee-objs += tee_core.o
> > +tee-objs += tee_heap.o
> > tee-objs += tee_shm.o
> > tee-objs += tee_shm_pool.o
> > obj-$(CONFIG_OPTEE) += optee/
> > diff --git a/drivers/tee/tee_heap.c b/drivers/tee/tee_heap.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..476ab2e27260
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/drivers/tee/tee_heap.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
> > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> > +/*
> > + * Copyright (c) 2025, Linaro Limited
> > + */
> > +
> > +#include <linux/scatterlist.h>
> > +#include <linux/dma-buf.h>
> > +#include <linux/dma-heap.h>
> > +#include <linux/genalloc.h>
> > +#include <linux/module.h>
> > +#include <linux/scatterlist.h>
> > +#include <linux/slab.h>
> > +#include <linux/tee_core.h>
> > +#include <linux/xarray.h>
>
> Lets try to follow alphabetical order here.
Sure
>
> > +
> > +#include "tee_private.h"
> > +
> > +struct tee_dma_heap {
> > + struct dma_heap *heap;
> > + enum tee_dma_heap_id id;
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool;
> > + struct tee_device *teedev;
> > + /* Protects pool and teedev above */
> > + struct mutex mu;
> > +};
> > +
> > +struct tee_heap_buffer {
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool;
> > + struct tee_device *teedev;
> > + size_t size;
> > + size_t offs;
> > + struct sg_table table;
> > +};
> > +
> > +struct tee_heap_attachment {
> > + struct sg_table table;
> > + struct device *dev;
> > +};
> > +
> > +struct tee_rstmem_static_pool {
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool pool;
> > + struct gen_pool *gen_pool;
> > + phys_addr_t pa_base;
> > +};
> > +
> > +#if !IS_MODULE(CONFIG_TEE) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DMABUF_HEAPS)
>
> Can this dependency rather be better managed via Kconfig?
This was the easiest yet somewhat flexible solution I could find. If
you have something better, let's use that instead.
>
> > +static DEFINE_XARRAY_ALLOC(tee_dma_heap);
> > +
> > +static int copy_sg_table(struct sg_table *dst, struct sg_table *src)
> > +{
> > + struct scatterlist *dst_sg;
> > + struct scatterlist *src_sg;
> > + int ret;
> > + int i;
> > +
> > + ret = sg_alloc_table(dst, src->orig_nents, GFP_KERNEL);
> > + if (ret)
> > + return ret;
> > +
> > + dst_sg = dst->sgl;
> > + for_each_sgtable_sg(src, src_sg, i) {
> > + sg_set_page(dst_sg, sg_page(src_sg), src_sg->length,
> > + src_sg->offset);
> > + dst_sg = sg_next(dst_sg);
> > + }
> > +
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int tee_heap_attach(struct dma_buf *dmabuf,
> > + struct dma_buf_attachment *attachment)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_heap_buffer *buf = dmabuf->priv;
> > + struct tee_heap_attachment *a;
> > + int ret;
> > +
> > + a = kzalloc(sizeof(*a), GFP_KERNEL);
> > + if (!a)
> > + return -ENOMEM;
> > +
> > + ret = copy_sg_table(&a->table, &buf->table);
> > + if (ret) {
> > + kfree(a);
> > + return ret;
> > + }
> > +
> > + a->dev = attachment->dev;
> > + attachment->priv = a;
> > +
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void tee_heap_detach(struct dma_buf *dmabuf,
> > + struct dma_buf_attachment *attachment)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_heap_attachment *a = attachment->priv;
> > +
> > + sg_free_table(&a->table);
> > + kfree(a);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static struct sg_table *
> > +tee_heap_map_dma_buf(struct dma_buf_attachment *attachment,
> > + enum dma_data_direction direction)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_heap_attachment *a = attachment->priv;
> > + int ret;
> > +
> > + ret = dma_map_sgtable(attachment->dev, &a->table, direction,
> > + DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC);
> > + if (ret)
> > + return ERR_PTR(ret);
> > +
> > + return &a->table;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void tee_heap_unmap_dma_buf(struct dma_buf_attachment *attachment,
> > + struct sg_table *table,
> > + enum dma_data_direction direction)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_heap_attachment *a = attachment->priv;
> > +
> > + WARN_ON(&a->table != table);
> > +
> > + dma_unmap_sgtable(attachment->dev, table, direction,
> > + DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void tee_heap_buf_free(struct dma_buf *dmabuf)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_heap_buffer *buf = dmabuf->priv;
> > + struct tee_device *teedev = buf->teedev;
> > +
> > + buf->pool->ops->free(buf->pool, &buf->table);
> > + tee_device_put(teedev);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static const struct dma_buf_ops tee_heap_buf_ops = {
> > + .attach = tee_heap_attach,
> > + .detach = tee_heap_detach,
> > + .map_dma_buf = tee_heap_map_dma_buf,
> > + .unmap_dma_buf = tee_heap_unmap_dma_buf,
> > + .release = tee_heap_buf_free,
> > +};
> > +
> > +static struct dma_buf *tee_dma_heap_alloc(struct dma_heap *heap,
> > + unsigned long len, u32 fd_flags,
> > + u64 heap_flags)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_dma_heap *h = dma_heap_get_drvdata(heap);
> > + DEFINE_DMA_BUF_EXPORT_INFO(exp_info);
> > + struct tee_device *teedev = NULL;
> > + struct tee_heap_buffer *buf;
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool;
> > + struct dma_buf *dmabuf;
> > + int rc;
> > +
> > + mutex_lock(&h->mu);
> > + if (tee_device_get(h->teedev)) {
> > + teedev = h->teedev;
> > + pool = h->pool;
> > + }
> > + mutex_unlock(&h->mu);
> > +
> > + if (!teedev)
> > + return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
> > +
> > + buf = kzalloc(sizeof(*buf), GFP_KERNEL);
> > + if (!buf) {
> > + dmabuf = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
> > + goto err;
> > + }
> > + buf->size = len;
> > + buf->pool = pool;
> > + buf->teedev = teedev;
> > +
> > + rc = pool->ops->alloc(pool, &buf->table, len, &buf->offs);
> > + if (rc) {
> > + dmabuf = ERR_PTR(rc);
> > + goto err_kfree;
> > + }
> > +
> > + exp_info.ops = &tee_heap_buf_ops;
> > + exp_info.size = len;
> > + exp_info.priv = buf;
> > + exp_info.flags = fd_flags;
> > + dmabuf = dma_buf_export(&exp_info);
> > + if (IS_ERR(dmabuf))
> > + goto err_rstmem_free;
> > +
> > + return dmabuf;
> > +
> > +err_rstmem_free:
> > + pool->ops->free(pool, &buf->table);
> > +err_kfree:
> > + kfree(buf);
> > +err:
> > + tee_device_put(h->teedev);
> > + return dmabuf;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static const struct dma_heap_ops tee_dma_heap_ops = {
> > + .allocate = tee_dma_heap_alloc,
> > +};
> > +
> > +static const char *heap_id_2_name(enum tee_dma_heap_id id)
> > +{
> > + switch (id) {
> > + case TEE_DMA_HEAP_SECURE_VIDEO_PLAY:
> > + return "restricted,secure-video";
> > + case TEE_DMA_HEAP_TRUSTED_UI:
> > + return "restricted,trusted-ui";
> > + case TEE_DMA_HEAP_SECURE_VIDEO_RECORD:
> > + return "restricted,secure-video-record";
> > + default:
> > + return NULL;
> > + }
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int alloc_dma_heap(struct tee_device *teedev, enum tee_dma_heap_id
> > id,
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool)
> > +{
> > + struct dma_heap_export_info exp_info = {
> > + .ops = &tee_dma_heap_ops,
> > + .name = heap_id_2_name(id),
> > + };
> > + struct tee_dma_heap *h;
> > + int rc;
> > +
> > + if (!exp_info.name)
> > + return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > + if (xa_reserve(&tee_dma_heap, id, GFP_KERNEL)) {
> > + if (!xa_load(&tee_dma_heap, id))
> > + return -EEXIST;
> > + return -ENOMEM;
> > + }
> > +
> > + h = kzalloc(sizeof(*h), GFP_KERNEL);
> > + if (!h)
> > + return -ENOMEM;
> > + h->id = id;
> > + h->teedev = teedev;
> > + h->pool = pool;
> > + mutex_init(&h->mu);
> > +
> > + exp_info.priv = h;
> > + h->heap = dma_heap_add(&exp_info);
> > + if (IS_ERR(h->heap)) {
> > + rc = PTR_ERR(h->heap);
> > + kfree(h);
> > +
> > + return rc;
> > + }
> > +
> > + /* "can't fail" due to the call to xa_reserve() above */
> > + return WARN(xa_store(&tee_dma_heap, id, h, GFP_KERNEL),
> > + "xa_store() failed");
> > +}
> > +
> > +int tee_device_register_dma_heap(struct tee_device *teedev,
> > + enum tee_dma_heap_id id,
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_dma_heap *h;
> > + int rc;
> > +
> > + h = xa_load(&tee_dma_heap, id);
> > + if (h) {
> > + mutex_lock(&h->mu);
> > + if (h->teedev) {
> > + rc = -EBUSY;
> > + } else {
> > + h->teedev = teedev;
> > + h->pool = pool;
> > + rc = 0;
> > + }
> > + mutex_unlock(&h->mu);
> > + } else {
> > + rc = alloc_dma_heap(teedev, id, pool);
> > + }
> > +
> > + if (rc)
> > + dev_err(&teedev->dev, "can't register DMA heap id %d (%s)\n",
> > + id, heap_id_2_name(id));
> > +
> > + return rc;
> > +}
> > +
> > +void tee_device_unregister_all_dma_heaps(struct tee_device *teedev)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool;
> > + struct tee_dma_heap *h;
> > + u_long i;
> > +
> > + xa_for_each(&tee_dma_heap, i, h) {
> > + if (h) {
> > + pool = NULL;
> > + mutex_lock(&h->mu);
> > + if (h->teedev == teedev) {
> > + pool = h->pool;
> > + h->teedev = NULL;
> > + h->pool = NULL;
> > + }
> > + mutex_unlock(&h->mu);
> > + if (pool)
> > + pool->ops->destroy_pool(pool);
> > + }
> > + }
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tee_device_unregister_all_dma_heaps);
> > +
> > +int tee_heap_update_from_dma_buf(struct tee_device *teedev,
> > + struct dma_buf *dmabuf, size_t *offset,
> > + struct tee_shm *shm,
> > + struct tee_shm **parent_shm)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_heap_buffer *buf;
> > + int rc;
> > +
> > + /* The DMA-buf must be from our heap */
> > + if (dmabuf->ops != &tee_heap_buf_ops)
> > + return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > + buf = dmabuf->priv;
> > + /* The buffer must be from the same teedev */
> > + if (buf->teedev != teedev)
> > + return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > + shm->size = buf->size;
> > +
> > + rc = buf->pool->ops->update_shm(buf->pool, &buf->table, buf->offs,
> > shm,
> > + parent_shm);
> > + if (!rc && *parent_shm)
> > + *offset = buf->offs;
> > +
> > + return rc;
> > +}
> > +#else
> > +int tee_device_register_dma_heap(struct tee_device *teedev __always_unused,
> > + enum tee_dma_heap_id id __always_unused,
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool __always_unused)
> > +{
> > + return -EINVAL;
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tee_device_register_dma_heap);
> > +
> > +void
> > +tee_device_unregister_all_dma_heaps(struct tee_device *teedev
> > __always_unused)
> > +{
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tee_device_unregister_all_dma_heaps);
> > +
> > +int tee_heap_update_from_dma_buf(struct tee_device *teedev __always_unused,
> > + struct dma_buf *dmabuf __always_unused,
> > + size_t *offset __always_unused,
> > + struct tee_shm *shm __always_unused,
> > + struct tee_shm **parent_shm __always_unused)
> > +{
> > + return -EINVAL;
> > +}
> > +#endif
> > +
> > +static struct tee_rstmem_static_pool *
> > +to_rstmem_static_pool(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool)
> > +{
> > + return container_of(pool, struct tee_rstmem_static_pool, pool);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int rstmem_pool_op_static_alloc(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool,
> > + struct sg_table *sgt, size_t size,
> > + size_t *offs)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_rstmem_static_pool *stp = to_rstmem_static_pool(pool);
> > + phys_addr_t pa;
> > + int ret;
> > +
> > + pa = gen_pool_alloc(stp->gen_pool, size);
> > + if (!pa)
> > + return -ENOMEM;
> > +
> > + ret = sg_alloc_table(sgt, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
> > + if (ret) {
> > + gen_pool_free(stp->gen_pool, pa, size);
> > + return ret;
> > + }
> > +
> > + sg_set_page(sgt->sgl, phys_to_page(pa), size, 0);
> > + *offs = pa - stp->pa_base;
> > +
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void rstmem_pool_op_static_free(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool,
> > + struct sg_table *sgt)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_rstmem_static_pool *stp = to_rstmem_static_pool(pool);
> > + struct scatterlist *sg;
> > + int i;
> > +
> > + for_each_sgtable_sg(sgt, sg, i)
> > + gen_pool_free(stp->gen_pool, sg_phys(sg), sg->length);
> > + sg_free_table(sgt);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static int rstmem_pool_op_static_update_shm(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool,
> > + struct sg_table *sgt, size_t offs,
> > + struct tee_shm *shm,
> > + struct tee_shm **parent_shm)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_rstmem_static_pool *stp = to_rstmem_static_pool(pool);
> > +
> > + shm->paddr = stp->pa_base + offs;
> > + *parent_shm = NULL;
> > +
> > + return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void rstmem_pool_op_static_destroy_pool(struct tee_rstmem_pool
> > *pool)
> > +{
> > + struct tee_rstmem_static_pool *stp = to_rstmem_static_pool(pool);
> > +
> > + gen_pool_destroy(stp->gen_pool);
> > + kfree(stp);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static struct tee_rstmem_pool_ops rstmem_pool_ops_static = {
> > + .alloc = rstmem_pool_op_static_alloc,
> > + .free = rstmem_pool_op_static_free,
> > + .update_shm = rstmem_pool_op_static_update_shm,
> > + .destroy_pool = rstmem_pool_op_static_destroy_pool,
> > +};
> > +
> > +struct tee_rstmem_pool *tee_rstmem_static_pool_alloc(phys_addr_t paddr,
> > + size_t size)
> > +{
> > + const size_t page_mask = PAGE_SIZE - 1;
> > + struct tee_rstmem_static_pool *stp;
> > + int rc;
> > +
> > + /* Check it's page aligned */
> > + if ((paddr | size) & page_mask)
> > + return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
> > +
> > + stp = kzalloc(sizeof(*stp), GFP_KERNEL);
> > + if (!stp)
> > + return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
> > +
> > + stp->gen_pool = gen_pool_create(PAGE_SHIFT, -1);
> > + if (!stp->gen_pool) {
> > + rc = -ENOMEM;
> > + goto err_free;
> > + }
> > +
> > + rc = gen_pool_add(stp->gen_pool, paddr, size, -1);
> > + if (rc)
> > + goto err_free_pool;
> > +
> > + stp->pool.ops = &rstmem_pool_ops_static;
> > + stp->pa_base = paddr;
> > + return &stp->pool;
> > +
> > +err_free_pool:
> > + gen_pool_destroy(stp->gen_pool);
> > +err_free:
> > + kfree(stp);
> > +
> > + return ERR_PTR(rc);
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tee_rstmem_static_pool_alloc);
> > diff --git a/drivers/tee/tee_private.h b/drivers/tee/tee_private.h
> > index 9bc50605227c..6c6ff5d5eed2 100644
> > --- a/drivers/tee/tee_private.h
> > +++ b/drivers/tee/tee_private.h
> > @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
> > #include <linux/cdev.h>
> > #include <linux/completion.h>
> > #include <linux/device.h>
> > +#include <linux/dma-buf.h>
> > #include <linux/kref.h>
> > #include <linux/mutex.h>
> > #include <linux/types.h>
> > @@ -24,4 +25,9 @@ struct tee_shm *tee_shm_alloc_user_buf(struct tee_context
> > *ctx, size_t size);
> > struct tee_shm *tee_shm_register_user_buf(struct tee_context *ctx,
> > unsigned long addr, size_t length);
> >
> > +int tee_heap_update_from_dma_buf(struct tee_device *teedev,
> > + struct dma_buf *dmabuf, size_t *offset,
> > + struct tee_shm *shm,
> > + struct tee_shm **parent_shm);
> > +
> > #endif /*TEE_PRIVATE_H*/
> > diff --git a/include/linux/tee_core.h b/include/linux/tee_core.h
> > index a38494d6b5f4..16ef078247ae 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/tee_core.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/tee_core.h
> > @@ -8,9 +8,11 @@
> >
> > #include <linux/cdev.h>
> > #include <linux/device.h>
> > +#include <linux/dma-buf.h>
> > #include <linux/idr.h>
> > #include <linux/kref.h>
> > #include <linux/list.h>
> > +#include <linux/scatterlist.h>
> > #include <linux/tee.h>
> > #include <linux/tee_drv.h>
> > #include <linux/types.h>
> > @@ -30,6 +32,12 @@
> > #define TEE_DEVICE_FLAG_REGISTERED 0x1
> > #define TEE_MAX_DEV_NAME_LEN 32
> >
> > +enum tee_dma_heap_id {
> > + TEE_DMA_HEAP_SECURE_VIDEO_PLAY = 1,
> > + TEE_DMA_HEAP_TRUSTED_UI,
> > + TEE_DMA_HEAP_SECURE_VIDEO_RECORD,
> > +};
> > +
> > /**
> > * struct tee_device - TEE Device representation
> > * @name: name of device
> > @@ -116,6 +124,33 @@ struct tee_desc {
> > u32 flags;
> > };
> >
> > +/**
> > + * struct tee_rstmem_pool - restricted memory pool
> > + * @ops: operations
> > + *
> > + * This is an abstract interface where this struct is expected to be
> > + * embedded in another struct specific to the implementation.
> > + */
> > +struct tee_rstmem_pool {
> > + const struct tee_rstmem_pool_ops *ops;
> > +};
> > +
> > +/**
> > + * struct tee_rstmem_pool_ops - restricted memory pool operations
> > + * @alloc: called when allocating restricted memory
> > + * @free: called when freeing restricted memory
> > + * @destroy_pool: called when destroying the pool
> > + */
> > +struct tee_rstmem_pool_ops {
> > + int (*alloc)(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool, struct sg_table *sgt,
> > + size_t size, size_t *offs);
> > + void (*free)(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool, struct sg_table *sgt);
> > + int (*update_shm)(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool, struct sg_table *sgt,
> > + size_t offs, struct tee_shm *shm,
> > + struct tee_shm **parent_shm);
>
> This API isn't descibed in kdoc comment above. Can you descibe the role
> of this API and when it's needed?
Yes, I'll add something.
Cheers,
Jens
>
> -Sumit
>
> > + void (*destroy_pool)(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool);
> > +};
> > +
> > /**
> > * tee_device_alloc() - Allocate a new struct tee_device instance
> > * @teedesc: Descriptor for this driver
> > @@ -154,6 +189,11 @@ int tee_device_register(struct tee_device *teedev);
> > */
> > void tee_device_unregister(struct tee_device *teedev);
> >
> > +int tee_device_register_dma_heap(struct tee_device *teedev,
> > + enum tee_dma_heap_id id,
> > + struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool);
> > +void tee_device_unregister_all_dma_heaps(struct tee_device *teedev);
> > +
> > /**
> > * tee_device_set_dev_groups() - Set device attribute groups
> > * @teedev: Device to register
> > @@ -229,6 +269,28 @@ static inline void tee_shm_pool_free(struct
> > tee_shm_pool *pool)
> > pool->ops->destroy_pool(pool);
> > }
> >
> > +/**
> > + * tee_rstmem_static_pool_alloc() - Create a restricted memory manager
> > + * @paddr: Physical address of start of pool
> > + * @size: Size in bytes of the pool
> > + *
> > + * @returns pointer to a 'struct tee_shm_pool' or an ERR_PTR on failure.
> > + */
> > +struct tee_rstmem_pool *tee_rstmem_static_pool_alloc(phys_addr_t paddr,
> > + size_t size);
> > +
> > +/**
> > + * tee_rstmem_pool_free() - Free a restricted memory pool
> > + * @pool: The restricted memory pool to free
> > + *
> > + * There must be no remaining restricted memory allocated from this pool
> > + * when this function is called.
> > + */
> > +static inline void tee_rstmem_pool_free(struct tee_rstmem_pool *pool)
> > +{
> > + pool->ops->destroy_pool(pool);
> > +}
> > +
> > /**
> > * tee_get_drvdata() - Return driver_data pointer
> > * @returns the driver_data pointer supplied to tee_register().
> > --
> > 2.43.0
> >
