Error: Failed to initialize SSL connection: Couldn't initialize SSL
server context: Can't load SSL certificate (ssl_server_cert_file
setting): error:0A00018F:SSL routines::ee key too small:

not seeing your config, or your certs, here's one quick check.
long ago, i saw your error as a result of weak too-weak DH param.

check,

        $ cd /etc/dovecot/
        $ grep -i dh_ dovecot.conf conf.d/*
                conf.d/10-ssl.conf:     dh_file = /etc/ssl/dh4096.pem
        $ openssl dhparam -in /etc/ssl/dh4096.pem -text -noout | grep bit
                DH Parameters: (4096 bit)

is that param _set_ in your config, and if so, what's the reported bit depth?

iirc(?), on current OpenSSL releases, min bit depth reqt's are

        EC Keys:   >= 224 bits
        RSA keys:  >= 2048 bits
        DH params: >= 2048 bits
        EdDSA:     Ed25519 & Ed448 are good

& depths below, e.g. 1024b RSA or DH, are rejected

i.e., verify your cert bit depths.  if only to rule them out.

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