Here's a few tips: 1. I assume that's a 2U format -24 bays. You only have 1 raid card for all 24 disks ? Granted you only have 16, but usually you should assign 1 card per 8 drives. In our standard 2U chassis we have 3 hba's per 8 drives. Your backplane should support that. 2. Add more drives 3. Get a pci nvme ssd card and move the indexes/control/sieve files there.
On Monday, 07/09/2020 at 08:16 Miloslav Hůla wrote: Dne 07.09.2020 v 12:43 Sami Ketola napsal(a): >> On 7. Sep 2020, at 12.38, Miloslav Hůla wrote: >> >> Hello, >> >> I sent this into the Linux Kernel Btrfs mailing list and I got reply: "RAID-1 would be preferable" (https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/7b364356-7041-7d18-bd77-f60e0e2e2...@lechevalier.se/T/). May I ask you for the comments as from people around the Dovecot? >> >> >> We are using btrfs RAID-10 (/data, 4.7TB) on a physical Supermicro server with Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v4 @ 2.10GHz and 125GB of RAM. We run 'btrfs scrub start -B -d /data' every Sunday as a cron task. It takes about 50 minutes to finish. >> >> # uname -a >> Linux imap 4.9.0-12-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.210-1 (2020-01-20) x86_64 GNU/Linux >> >> RAID is a composition of 16 harddrives. Harddrives are connected via AVAGO MegaRAID SAS 9361-8i as a RAID-0 devices. All harddrives are SAS 2.5" 15k drives. >> >> Server serves as a IMAP with Dovecot 2.2.27-3+deb9u6, 4104 accounts, Mailbox format, LMTP delivery. > > does "Mailbox format" mean mbox? > > If so, then there is your bottleneck. mbox is the slowest possible mailbox format there is. > > Sami Sorry, no, it is a typo. We are using "Maildir". "doveconf -a" attached Milo # 2.2.27 (c0f36b0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # Pigeonhole version 0.4.16 (fed8554) # OS: Linux 4.9.0-12-amd64 x86_64 Debian 9.13 # NOTE: Send doveconf -n output instead when asking for help. auth_anonymous_username = anonymous auth_cache_negative_ttl = 30 secs auth_cache_size = 100 M auth_cache_ttl = 30 secs auth_debug = no auth_debug_passwords = no auth_default_realm = auth_failure_delay = 2 secs auth_gssapi_hostname = auth_krb5_keytab = auth_master_user_separator = auth_mechanisms = plain auth_policy_hash_mech = sha256 auth_policy_hash_nonce = auth_policy_hash_truncate = 12 auth_policy_reject_on_fail = no auth_policy_request_attributes = login=%{orig_username} pwhash=%{hashed_password} remote=%{real_rip} auth_policy_server_api_header = auth_policy_server_timeout_msecs = 2000 auth_policy_server_url = auth_proxy_self = auth_realms = auth_socket_path = auth-userdb auth_ssl_require_client_cert = no auth_ssl_username_from_cert = no auth_stats = no auth_use_winbind = no auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@ auth_username_format = %Lu auth_username_translation = auth_verbose = no auth_verbose_passwords = no auth_winbind_helper_path = /usr/bin/ntlm_auth auth_worker_max_count = 30 base_dir = /var/run/dovecot config_cache_size = 1 M debug_log_path = default_client_limit = 1000 default_idle_kill = 1 mins default_internal_user = dovecot default_login_user = dovenull default_process_limit = 100 default_vsz_limit = 256 M deliver_log_format = msgid=%m: %$ dict_db_config = director_consistent_hashing = no director_doveadm_port = 0 director_flush_socket = director_mail_servers = director_servers = director_user_expire = 15 mins director_user_kick_delay = 2 secs director_username_hash = %u disable_plaintext_auth = yes dotlock_use_excl = yes doveadm_allowed_commands = doveadm_api_key = doveadm_password = doveadm_port = 0 doveadm_socket_path = doveadm-server doveadm_username = doveadm doveadm_worker_count = 0 dsync_alt_char = _ dsync_features = dsync_remote_cmd = ssh -l%{login} %{host} doveadm dsync-server -u%u -U first_valid_gid = 1 first_valid_uid = 109 haproxy_timeout = 3 secs haproxy_trusted_networks = hostname = imap_capability = imap_client_workarounds = imap_hibernate_timeout = 0 imap_id_log = * imap_id_send = name * imap_idle_notify_interval = 2 mins imap_logout_format = in=%i out=%o imap_max_line_length = 64 k imap_metadata = no imap_urlauth_host = imap_urlauth_logout_format = in=%i out=%o imap_urlauth_port = 143 imapc_cmd_timeout = 5 mins imapc_features = imapc_host = imapc_list_prefix = imapc_master_user = imapc_max_idle_time = 29 mins imapc_max_line_length = 0 imapc_password = imapc_port = 143 imapc_rawlog_dir = imapc_sasl_mechanisms = imapc_ssl = no imapc_ssl_verify = yes imapc_user = import_environment = TZ CORE_OUTOFMEM CORE_ERROR LISTEN_PID LISTEN_FDS info_log_path = instance_name = dovecot last_valid_gid = 0 last_valid_uid = 0 lda_mailbox_autocreate = no lda_mailbox_autosubscribe = no lda_original_recipient_header = libexec_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot listen = *, :: lmtp_address_translate = lmtp_hdr_delivery_address = final lmtp_proxy = no lmtp_rcpt_check_quota = no lmtp_save_to_detail_mailbox = no lmtp_user_concurrency_limit = 0 lock_method = fcntl log_path = syslog log_timestamp = "%b %d %H:%M:%S " login_access_sockets = login_greeting = Dovecot ready. login_log_format = %$: %s login_log_format_elements = user= method=%m rip=%r lip=%l mpid=%e %c session= login_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/login login_plugins = login_proxy_max_disconnect_delay = 0 login_source_ips = login_trusted_networks = mail_access_groups = mail_always_cache_fields = mail_attachment_dir = mail_attachment_fs = sis posix mail_attachment_hash = %{sha1} mail_attachment_min_size = 128 k mail_attribute_dict = mail_cache_fields = flags mail_cache_min_mail_count = 0 mail_chroot = mail_debug = no mail_fsync = optimized mail_full_filesystem_access = no mail_gid = vmail mail_home = /data/vmail/user/%n mail_location = maildir:/data/vmail/user/%n/Maildir mail_log_prefix = "%s(%u): " mail_max_keyword_length = 50 mail_max_lock_timeout = 0 mail_max_userip_connections = 10 mail_never_cache_fields = imap.envelope mail_nfs_index = no mail_nfs_storage = no mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/modules mail_plugins = mail_prefetch_count = 0 mail_privileged_group = mail_save_crlf = yes mail_server_admin = mail_server_comment = mail_shared_explicit_inbox = no mail_temp_dir = /tmp mail_temp_scan_interval = 1 weeks mail_uid = vmail mailbox_idle_check_interval = 30 secs mailbox_list_index = no mailbox_list_index_very_dirty_syncs = no maildir_broken_filename_sizes = no maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = yes maildir_empty_new = no maildir_stat_dirs = no maildir_very_dirty_syncs = no managesieve_client_workarounds = managesieve_implementation_string = Dovecot Pigeonhole managesieve_logout_format = bytes=%i/%o managesieve_max_compile_errors = 5 managesieve_max_line_length = 65536 managesieve_notify_capability = mailto managesieve_sieve_capability = fileinto reject envelope encoded-character vacation subaddress comparator-i;ascii-numeric relational regex copy include variables body enotify environment mailbox date index ihave duplicate mime foreverypart extracttext vacation-seconds imapflags notify master_user_separator = mbox_dirty_syncs = yes mbox_dotlock_change_timeout = 2 mins mbox_lazy_writes = yes mbox_lock_timeout = 5 mins mbox_md5 = apop3d mbox_min_index_size = 0 mbox_read_locks = fcntl mbox_very_dirty_syncs = no mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock mdbox_preallocate_space = no mdbox_purge_preserve_alt = no mdbox_rotate_interval = 0 mdbox_rotate_size = 2 M mmap_disable = no namespace { disabled = no hidden = no ignore_on_failure = no inbox = no list = children location = maildir:/data/vmail/user/%%n/Maildir:INDEXPVT=/data/vmail/user/%n/Maildir/Shared/%%n:SUBSCRIPTIONS=../../%n/Maildir/Shared/subscriptions-%%n order = 0 prefix = user.%%n. separator = . subscriptions = yes type = shared } namespace inbox { disabled = no hidden = no ignore_on_failure = no inbox = yes list = yes location = mailbox Archives { auto = no autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Archive } mailbox Drafts { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Drafts } mailbox Junk { auto = no autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Junk } mailbox Sent { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Sent } mailbox "Sent Messages" { auto = no autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Sent } mailbox Trash { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Trash } mailbox spam { auto = subscribe autoexpunge = 0 autoexpunge_max_mails = 0 comment = driver = special_use = \Junk } order = 0 prefix = INBOX. separator = . subscriptions = yes type = private } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/deny-users auth_verbose = default default_fields = deny = yes driver = passwd-file master = no name = override_fields = pass = no result_failure = continue result_internalfail = continue result_success = return-ok skip = never } passdb { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-ldap.conf.ext auth_verbose = default default_fields = deny = no driver = ldap master = no name = override_fields = pass = no result_failure = continue result_internalfail = continue result_success = return-ok skip = never } plugin { acl = vfile acl_shared_dict = file:/data/vmail/global/shared-mailboxes sieve = file:/data/vmail/user/%n/sieve;active=/data/vmail/user/%n/enabled.sieve sieve_extensions = +notify +imapflags -imap4flags +vacation-seconds sieve_vacation_min_period = 0 } pop3_client_workarounds = pop3_delete_type = default pop3_deleted_flag = pop3_enable_last = no pop3_fast_size_lookups = no pop3_lock_session = no pop3_logout_format = top=%t/%p, retr=%r/%b, del=%d/%m, size=%s pop3_no_flag_updates = no pop3_reuse_xuidl = no pop3_save_uidl = no pop3_uidl_duplicates = allow pop3_uidl_format = %v.%u pop3c_host = pop3c_master_user = pop3c_password = pop3c_port = 110 pop3c_quick_received_date = no pop3c_rawlog_dir = pop3c_ssl = no pop3c_ssl_verify = yes pop3c_user = %u postmaster_address = postmaster@%d protocols = " imap lmtp sieve pop3" quota_full_tempfail = no rawlog_dir = recipient_delimiter = + rejection_reason = Your message to was automatically rejected:%n%r rejection_subject = Rejected: %s replication_dsync_parameters = -d -N -l 30 -U replication_full_sync_interval = 1 days replication_max_conns = 10 replicator_host = replicator replicator_port = 0 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail service aggregator { chroot = . client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = aggregator extra_groups = fifo_listener replication-notify-fifo { group = mode = 0600 user = } group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener replication-notify { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service anvil { chroot = empty client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = anvil extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 1 protocol = service_count = 0 type = anvil unix_listener anvil-auth-penalty { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener anvil { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service auth-worker { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = auth -w extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 1 type = unix_listener auth-worker { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service auth { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = auth extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener auth-client { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener auth-login { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener auth-master { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener auth-userdb { group = mode = 0666 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener login/login { group = mode = 0666 user = } unix_listener token-login/tokenlogin { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service config { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = config extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = config unix_listener config { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service dict-async { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = dict extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener dict-async { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service dict { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = dict extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener dict { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service director { chroot = . client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = director extra_groups = fifo_listener login/proxy-notify { group = mode = 00 user = } group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs inet_listener { address = haproxy = no port = 0 reuse_port = no ssl = no } privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener director-admin { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener director-userdb { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener login/director { group = mode = 00 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service dns_client { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = dns-client extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener dns-client { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service doveadm { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = doveadm-server extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 1 type = unix_listener doveadm-server { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-hibernate { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-hibernate extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 0 type = unix_listener imap-hibernate { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-login { chroot = login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 inet_listener imap { address = haproxy = no port = 143 reuse_port = no ssl = no } inet_listener imaps { address = haproxy = no port = 993 reuse_port = no ssl = yes } privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 10 protocol = imap service_count = 0 type = login user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-urlauth-login { chroot = token-login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-urlauth-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = login unix_listener imap-urlauth { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-urlauth-worker { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-urlauth-worker extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1024 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = unix_listener imap-urlauth-worker { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap-urlauth { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap-urlauth extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1024 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = unix_listener token-login/imap-urlauth { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service imap { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = imap extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 2048 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = imap service_count = 1 type = unix_listener imap-master { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener login/imap { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service indexer-worker { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = indexer-worker extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 10 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener indexer-worker { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service indexer { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = indexer extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener indexer { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service ipc { chroot = empty client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = ipc extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener ipc { group = mode = 0600 user = } unix_listener login/ipc-proxy { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_login_user } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service lmtp { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = lmtp extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 120 process_min_avail = 15 protocol = lmtp service_count = 0 type = unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp { group = postfix mode = 0600 user = postfix } unix_listener lmtp { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vmail vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service log { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = log extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = log unix_listener log-errors { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service managesieve-login { chroot = login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = managesieve-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 inet_listener sieve { address = 127.0.0.1 haproxy = no port = 4190 reuse_port = no ssl = no } privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = sieve service_count = 1 type = login user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service managesieve { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = managesieve extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = sieve service_count = 1 type = unix_listener login/sieve { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service pop3-login { chroot = login client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = pop3-login extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 inet_listener pop3 { address = haproxy = no port = 110 reuse_port = no ssl = no } inet_listener pop3s { address = haproxy = no port = 995 reuse_port = no ssl = yes } privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = pop3 service_count = 1 type = login user = $default_login_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service pop3 { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = pop3 extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 1024 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = pop3 service_count = 1 type = unix_listener login/pop3 { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service replicator { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = replicator extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener replicator-doveadm { group = mode = 00 user = $default_internal_user } unix_listener replicator { group = mode = 0600 user = $default_internal_user } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service ssl-params { chroot = client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = ssl-params extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = startup unix_listener login/ssl-params { group = mode = 0666 user = } unix_listener ssl-params { group = mode = 0666 user = } user = vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service stats { chroot = empty client_limit = 0 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = stats extra_groups = fifo_listener stats-mail { group = mode = 0600 user = } fifo_listener stats-user { group = mode = 0600 user = } group = idle_kill = 4294967295 secs privileged_group = process_limit = 1 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = unix_listener stats { group = mode = 0600 user = } user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } service tcpwrap { chroot = client_limit = 1 drop_priv_before_exec = no executable = tcpwrap extra_groups = group = idle_kill = 0 privileged_group = process_limit = 0 process_min_avail = 0 protocol = service_count = 0 type = user = $default_internal_user vsz_limit = 18446744073709551615 B } shutdown_clients = yes ssl = required ssl_ca = ssl_cert =
