CVSROOT: /cvsroot/www-bg
Module name: www-bg
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 07/07/01 10:57:44
Added files:
licenses : rms-why-gplv3.bg.html rms-why-gplv3.html
Log message:
ÐобавÑм пÑевода на Ðейо Ðопов, за
ÑеÑÑване.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www-bg/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.bg.html?cvsroot=www-bg&rev=1.1
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www-bg/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html?cvsroot=www-bg&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: rms-why-gplv3.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-why-gplv3.bg.html
diff -N rms-why-gplv3.bg.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-why-gplv3.bg.html 1 Jul 2007 10:57:44 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>ÐаÑо да пÑеминем кÑм GPL веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 -
ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU - ФондаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ
(ФСС)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.bg.html" -->
+<h2>ÐаÑо да пÑеминем кÑм GPL веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p>Ð¾Ñ <strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолман</strong></p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 на GNU General Public License ÑкоÑо Ñе бÑде
завÑÑÑена<sup><a href="#TransNote1" id="TransBack1">1</a></sup>,
пÑедоÑÑавÑйки вÑзможноÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободниÑе
ÑоÑÑÑеÑни пÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð° надгÑадÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 2. Тази ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑнÑва заÑо
обновÑванеÑо на договоÑа е важно.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑво, е важно да Ñе изÑÑкне, Ñе
обновÑванеÑо е по избоÑ. GPL веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 2 Ñе
оÑÑане валидно ÑпоÑазÑмение и ниÑо ÑаÑално
нÑма да Ñе ÑлÑÑи, ако нÑкои пÑогÑами
оÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ GPLv2, докаÑо дÑÑги пÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÑм
GPLv3. Тези два договоÑа Ñа неÑÑвмеÑÑими, но
Ñова не е ÑеÑиозен пÑоблем.</p>
+
+<p>ÐогаÑо казваме, Ñе GPLv2 и GPLv3 Ñа
неÑÑвмеÑÑими, Ñова ознаÑава, Ñе нÑма пÑавен
наÑин да комбиниÑа код, ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑван
под GPLv2 Ñ GPLv3 код в една пÑогÑама. Това е
заÑоÑо и GPLv2, и GPLv3 Ñа копилеÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñи.
ÐÑеки Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑ
казва: âÐко Ðие използваÑе
код, ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑван пÑи Ñези ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²
по-голÑма пÑогÑама, Ñо по-голÑмаÑа
пÑогÑама<sup><a href="#TransNote2" id="TransBack2">2</a></sup>,
ÑÑÑбва да Ñе ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑва ÑÑÑо пÑи Ñези
ÑÑловиÑ.â ÐÑма наÑин Ñе да Ñе напÑавÑÑ
ÑÑвмеÑÑими. Ðие биÑ
ме могли да добавим
клаÑза за ÑÑвмеÑÑимоÑÑ Ñ GPLv2 в ÑекÑÑа на GPLv3,
но Ð¾Ñ Ñова нÑмаÑе да има полза, заÑоÑо GPLv2
ÑÑÑо ÑеÑе да има нÑжда Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð° клаÑза.</p>
+
+<p>Ðа ÑаÑÑие, неÑÑвмеÑÑимоÑÑÑа на
договоÑиÑе има знаÑение, Ñамо когаÑо
иÑкаÑе да линкваÑе, ÑливаÑе или
комбиниÑаÑе код Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð²Ðµ ÑазлиÑни пÑогÑами в
една пÑогÑама. ÐÑма пÑоблем да ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑваÑ
GPLv2 и GPLv3 пÑогÑами в опеÑаÑионнаÑа ÑиÑÑема.
ÐÑимеÑно, ÑÑловиÑÑа на договоÑиÑе на TeX и
Apache Ñа неÑÑвмеÑÑими Ñ GPLv2, но Ñова не ни
пÑеÑи да изпÑлнÑваме TeX и Apache пÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²
една ÑиÑÑема Ñ Linux, Bash и GCC. Това е заÑоÑо, Ñе
Ñа оÑделни пÑогÑами. Ðо ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин, ако Bash
и GCC пÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÑм GPLv3, докаÑо Linux оÑÑане под
GPLv2, нÑма да има конÑликÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐадÑÑжанеÑо на една пÑогÑама под GPLv2 нÑма
да ÑÑздаде пÑоблеми. ÐÑиÑинаÑа да
мигÑиÑаÑе е заÑади ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑваÑиÑе
пÑоблеми, коиÑо GPLv3 Ñе ÑеÑи.</p>
+
+<p>Ðдна Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑновниÑе опаÑноÑÑи, Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ñо GPLv3
Ñе пÑедпази е âÑиволизаÑиÑÑаâ<sup><a
href="#TransNote3" id="TransBack3">3</a></sup>. ТиволизаÑиÑ
ознаÑава компÑÑÑи (наÑеÑени
âÑÑÑÑойÑÑваâ), коиÑо Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ GPL ÑоÑÑÑеÑ,
койÑо вие не може да пÑоменÑÑе, заÑоÑо
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑвоÑо пÑеÑÑава да ÑабоÑи, ако
иденÑиÑиÑиÑа модиÑиÑиÑан ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.
ÐбиÑайниÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñив за ÑиволизаÑиÑÑа е, Ñе
ÑоÑÑÑеÑа има ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑи, коиÑо
пÑоизводиÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÑиÑа, Ñе нÑма да Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°
много Ñ
оÑа. ÐÑоизводиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñези компÑÑÑи
Ñе вÑзползва Ð¾Ñ ÑвободиÑе, коиÑо ÑвободниÑ
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавÑ, но не желае да ви
позволи да напÑавиÑе ÑÑÑоÑо.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑкои ÑвÑÑдÑÑ, Ñе конкÑÑенÑиÑÑа междÑ
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑваÑа на един Ñвободен пазаÑ, Ñе
ÑÑÑбва да е доÑÑаÑÑÑна, за да огÑаниÑава
лоÑиÑе ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑи. Ðоже би,
конкÑÑенÑиÑÑа Ñама Ñе ÑÑÑбва да избÑгва
безÑмиÑлени и глÑпави изиÑÐºÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ñипа
на: âУÑÑÑойÑÑвоÑо ÑÑÑбва да Ñе изклÑÑва
вÑеки вÑоÑник Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ 1 и 5 Ñледобедâ, но доÑи
и Ñака да е â избоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° гоÑподаÑ, не е
Ñвобода. Свобода ознаÑава да конÑÑолиÑаÑе
какво пÑави ваÑÐ¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, а не Ñамо да може
да молиÑе или заплаÑваÑе нÑкой дÑÑг, койÑо
ÑеÑава вмеÑÑо <em>ваÑ</em>.</p>
+
+<p>РизклÑÑиÑелно важнаÑа облаÑÑ Ð½Ð°
УпÑавлениеÑо на ÑиÑÑовиÑе пÑава (DRM) â
злонамеÑениÑе ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑи Ñа
ÑÑздадени да огÑаниÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑпоÑÑебаÑа на
данниÑе на ваÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÑ. Там
конкÑÑенÑиÑÑа не помага, заÑоÑо ÑмиÑленаÑа
конкÑÑенÑÐ¸Ñ Ðµ забÑанена. Digital Millenuium Copyright Act
и подобни закони в дÑÑги ÑÑÑани, обÑвÑваÑ
за незаконно да Ñе пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ DVD плейÑÑи,
оÑвен ако Ñе не огÑаниÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебиÑелÑ,
ÑпоÑед оÑиÑиалниÑе пÑавила на DVD
конÑпиÑаÑиÑÑа (ÑебÑайÑа й е <a
href="http://www.dvdcca.org/">http://www.dvdcca.org/</a>, но
пÑавилаÑа не изглежда да Ñа пÑбликÑвани
Ñам). ÐбÑеÑÑвоÑо не може да оÑÑ
вÑÑли DRM каÑо
не кÑпÑва Ñакива ÑÑÑÑойÑÑва, заÑоÑо Ñакива
не Ñе пÑедлагаÑ. ÐезавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐºÐ¾ много
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑва може да избиÑаÑе, Ñе вÑиÑки имаÑ
еквиваленÑни ÑиÑÑови белезниÑи.</p>
+
+<p>GPLv3 ви гаÑанÑиÑа, Ñе вие ÑÑе Ñвободен да
пÑемаÑ
неÑе белезниÑиÑе. Той не забÑанÑва DRM
или какваÑо и да е ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑ. Ðе
поÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑеÑÑвенаÑа
ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑ, коÑÑо вие може да добавÑÑе
или пÑемаÑ
ваÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ. Ðо-ÑкоÑо, Ñой
гаÑанÑиÑа, Ñе вие ÑÑе Ñвободен да
пÑемаÑ
ваÑе ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑ, ÑоÑно какÑо
пÑоизводиÑелÑÑ Ðµ Ñвободен да ги добавÑ.
ТиволизаÑиÑÑа е наÑинÑÑ Ð´Ð° ви бÑде оÑнеÑа
Ñази Ñвобода и за да Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑи â GPLv3
забÑанÑва ÑиволизаÑиÑÑа.</p>
+
+<p>ÐабÑанаÑа на ÑиволизаÑиÑÑа Ñе оÑнаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾
вÑеки пÑодÑкÑ, койÑо Ñе оÑаква (Ð¼Ð°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸
ÑÑдко) да бÑде използван Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебиÑели. GPLv3
ÑолеÑиÑа ÑиволизаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð° пÑодÑкÑи, коиÑо Ñа
поÑÑи изклÑÑиÑелно пÑедназнаÑени за
бизнеÑи и оÑганизаÑии. (ÐоÑледнаÑа ÑабоÑна
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° GPLv3 изÑиÑно ÑÑдÑÑжа Ñова
изиÑкване<sup><a href="#TransNote4" id="TransBack4">4</a></sup>)</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑга заплаÑ
а, на коÑÑо GPLv3 оÑговаÑÑ, е
паÑенÑниÑе ÑпоÑазÑмениÑ, подобни на
ÑделкаÑа Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Novell и Microsoft. Microsoft иÑка да
използва Ñ
илÑдиÑе Ñи паÑенÑи, за да накаÑа
GNU/Linux поÑÑебиÑелиÑе да плаÑÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñази
пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¸Ð»ÐµÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑклÑÑи Ñази Ñделка Ñ Ñакава
Ñел. СделкаÑа пÑедлага на клиенÑиÑе на Novell
доÑÑа огÑаниÑена заÑиÑа Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ñкове оÑновани
на паÑенÑи на Microsoft.</p>
+
+<p>Microsoft напÑави нÑколко гÑеÑки в ÑделкаÑа Ñ
Novell и GPLv3 е ÑÑздаден да ги обÑÑне ÑÑеÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾,
ÑазÑиÑÑвайки Ñази огÑаниÑена заÑиÑа оÑ
паÑенÑиÑе над ÑÑлаÑа обÑноÑÑ. Ðа да Ñе
вÑÐ·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ñова, пÑогÑамиÑе ÑÑÑбва да
Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ GPLv3.</p>
+
+<p>ÐдвокаÑиÑе на Microsoft не Ñа глÑпави и
ÑледваÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÑ, Ñе може да ÑÑпеÑÑ Ð´Ð°
Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñези гÑеÑки. GPLv3 заÑова казва, Ñе
Ñе не полÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñаво на âÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑÑâ.
РазпÑоÑÑÑанÑвайки една пÑогÑама под GPL
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑава Ð¾Ñ Ð±ÑдеÑиÑе опиÑи на
ÑедиÑÑÑибÑÑоÑиÑе да ÑÑбиÑÐ°Ñ ÑакÑи оÑ
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе на пÑогÑамаÑа.</p>
+
+<p>GPLv3 ÑÑÑо пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð·ÑиÑна паÑенÑна
заÑиÑа на поÑÑебиÑелиÑе Ð¾Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑиÑе
и ÑедиÑÑÑибÑÑоÑиÑе. ÐÑи GPLv2 поÑÑебиÑелиÑе
Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð½Ñжда Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñенз за паÑенÑа, за да Ñа
ÑигÑÑни, Ñе компаниÑÑа, коÑÑо им е
пÑедоÑÑавила копие нÑма да ги ÑÑди ÑÑÑ
или
Ñ
оÑаÑа, на коиÑо Ñе пÑедоÑÑавÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ðµ, за
неговоÑо наÑÑÑаване.</p>
+
+<p>ÐзÑиÑниÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑен лиÑенз в GPLv3 не Ñе
ÑазпÑоÑÑиÑа Ñолкова, колкоÑо ние биÑ
ме
желали. Ð Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑлÑÑай, ние биÑ
ме
накаÑали вÑеки, койÑо ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑва GPL
код, да Ñе оÑкаже Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑиÑки ÑоÑÑÑеÑни
паÑенÑи, заедно ÑÑÑ Ð²Ñеки, койÑо не
ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑва код под GPL. СоÑÑÑеÑниÑе
паÑенÑи Ñа поÑоÑна и абÑÑÑдна ÑиÑÑема,
коÑÑо поÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑниÑе ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑи в
опаÑноÑÑ Ð´Ð° бÑÐ´Ð°Ñ ÑÑдени Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸, за
коиÑо никога не Ñа ÑÑвали, какÑо и Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑиÑки
мега-коÑпоÑаÑии на пазаÑа. ÐолемиÑе
пÑогÑами ÑипиÑно ÑÑÑеÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ
илÑди идеи,
Ñака Ñе не е ÑÑдно, ако Ñе имплеменÑиÑаÑ
идеи, заÑиÑени Ð¾Ñ Ñ
илÑди паÑенÑи.
Ðега-коÑпоÑаÑииÑе ÑÑбиÑÐ°Ñ Ñ
илÑди паÑенÑи и
ги Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð° да изнÑÐ´Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-малки
ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑи. ÐаÑенÑиÑе веÑе пÑеÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑазÑабоÑкаÑа на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐдинÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин да напÑавим
ÑазÑабоÑкаÑа на ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÑигÑÑна е да
изоÑÑавим ÑоÑÑÑеÑниÑе паÑенÑи и ние Ñе
ÑÑÑемим да го поÑÑигнем нÑкой ден. Ðо ние не
може да го напÑавим ÑÑез ÑоÑÑÑеÑно
ÑпоÑазÑмение. ÐÑÑка пÑогÑама, Ñвободна или
не, може да бÑде ÑниÑожена Ð¾Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑен
паÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² ÑÑÑеÑе на ÑÑеÑа ÑÑÑана и ÑÑловиÑÑа
за ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанение на пÑогÑамаÑа не може
да пÑоменÑÑ Ñози ÑакÑ. Само ÑÑдебни
пÑеÑеденÑи и пÑомени в паÑенÑноÑо
законодаÑелÑÑво може да заÑиÑÑÑ
ÑÑздаванеÑо на ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑиÑе. Ðко
бÑÑ
ме опиÑали да напÑавим Ñова Ñ GPLv3, Ñо
ÑеÑе да Ñе пÑовали.</p>
+
+<p>ÐаÑова, GPLv3 Ñели да огÑаниÑи и канализиÑа
опаÑÑноÑÑÑа. Ð ÑаÑÑноÑÑ, ние опиÑаÑ
ме да
ÑпаÑим ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑдба по-лоÑа
Ð¾Ñ ÑмÑÑÑа: да бÑде напÑавен на пÑакÑика
ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑки, ÑÑез паÑенÑи. ÐзÑиÑниÑ
паÑенÑен лиÑенз, ÑÑдÑÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ Ñе в GPLv3,
гаÑанÑиÑа, Ñе компанииÑе коиÑо Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ GPL и
пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑеÑиÑиÑе оÑновни Ñвободи, нÑма
да Ñе обÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑиÑе Ñи
ÑÑеÑÑ Ð´ÑÑги поÑÑебиÑели, за да заÑвÑÑ:
âТова не Ñе оÑнаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ваÑâ. То ÑÑÑо Ñака ги
вÑзпÑепÑÑÑÑва да Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑÑглаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ
дÑÑги ÑобÑÑвениÑи на паÑенÑи, за да го
напÑавÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑги пÑедимÑÑва на GPLv3 вклÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-добÑа
инÑеÑнаÑионализаÑиÑ, по-безболезнено
пÑекÑаÑÑване, поддÑÑжка на BitTorrent и
ÑÑвмеÑÑимоÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑпоÑазÑмениеÑо на Apache.
ÐÑе добÑи пÑиÑини да пÑеминеÑе кÑм новаÑа
веÑÑиÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑомениÑе нÑма да пÑеÑÑанаÑ, Ñлед
оконÑаÑелнаÑа веÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° GPLv3. Ðко Ñе поÑвÑÑ
нови заплаÑ
и за ÑвободиÑе на
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе, ние Ñе ÑÑÑбва да ÑазÑабоÑим
GPLv4, когаÑо наÑÑÑпи моменÑа.</p>
+
+<p>Ðдин Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиниÑе да Ñе напÑави Ñова е
пÑогÑамаÑа да Ñе ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑва под âGPL
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 или по-кÑÑна веÑÑиÑâ. ÐÑÑг наÑин е
вÑиÑки ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑи да опÑеделÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ може
да вземе ÑеÑение за пÑеминаване кÑм бÑдеÑа
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° GPL. ТÑеÑи наÑин е да Ñе пÑеÑ
вÑÑлÑÑ
пÑаваÑа на едно лиÑе, коеÑо Ñе може да
обнови веÑÑиÑÑа на ÑпоÑазÑмениеÑо. Ðо един
или дÑÑг наÑин пÑогÑамиÑе, ÑÑÑбва да
пÑедоÑÑавÑÑ Ñази вÑзможноÑÑ Ð·Ð° в бÑдеÑе.</p>
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+<b>Ðележки на пÑеводаÑа</b>:
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="#TransBack1" id="TransNote1">1</a>ÐÑ 29.06.2007г.
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 на GNU GPL е оконÑаÑелна</li>
+
+ <li><a href="#TransBack2" id="TransNote2">2</a>ÐÑма знаÑение
дали еднаÑа пÑогÑама е по-голÑма каÑо обем
код Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑгаÑа. УÑловиÑÑа на GNU GPL Ñе
ÑазпÑоÑÑиÑÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑÑлаÑа пÑоизводна
пÑогÑама, доÑи и ако Ñамо малка ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ
използва код, ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑван под GNU GPL.</li>
+
+ <li><a href="#TransBack3" id="TransNote3">3</a>ÐмеÑо идва оÑ
попÑлÑÑноÑо ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво за Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑÑово
видео TiVO, коеÑо използва Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ,
но има Ñ
аÑдÑеÑна ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑ,
непозволÑваÑа използванеÑо на модиÑиÑиÑан
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.</li>
+
+ <li><a href="#TransBack4" id="TransNote4">4</a>Това изиÑкване
е залегнало и в оконÑаÑелнаÑа ÑÑеÑа веÑÑиÑ
на GNU GPL и е деÑиниÑано в ÑоÑка 6 оÑ
ÑпоÑазÑмениеÑо.</li>
+
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.bg.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+ÐолÑ, оÑпÑавÑйÑе вÑпÑоÑи оÑноÑно ФСС и GNU
по е-поÑа:
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
СÑÑеÑÑвÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ дÑÑги наÑини
+за <a href="/contact/">вÑÑзка</a> Ñ Ð¤Ð¡Ð¡.
+<br>
+ÐолÑ, изпÑаÑайÑе доклади за невалидни
Ñ
ипеÑвÑÑзки и дÑÑги коÑекÑии (или
+пÑедложениÑ) по е-поÑа на адÑеÑ:
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐапознайÑе Ñе Ñ <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations">ÐокÑменÑаÑиÑÑа
+за пÑеводаÑи</a> за инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
кооÑдиниÑанеÑо и подаванеÑо на
+пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑаÑиÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑиÑки пÑава запазени © 2007 РиÑаÑд
СÑолман<br>
+ÐÑквалноÑо копиÑане и ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанение
Ñази ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² нейнаÑа ÑÑлоÑÑ Ðµ ÑазÑеÑено за
ÑеÑиÑоÑиÑÑа на ÑÑл ÑвÑÑ, без задÑлжение за
заплаÑане на вÑзнагÑаждение и пÑи ÑÑловие,
Ñе Ñова ÑÑобÑение е запазено.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2007/07/01 10:57:44 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h3>ÐÑÑги пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑÑаниÑа:</h3>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch.-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise [EMAIL PROTECTED] and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+
+<ul>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: rms-why-gplv3.html
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-why-gplv3.html
diff -N rms-why-gplv3.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-why-gplv3.html 1 Jul 2007 10:57:44 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Why Upgrade to GPLv3 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Why Upgrade to GPLv3</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>Version 3 of the GNU General Public License will soon be finished,
+enabling free software packages to upgrade from GPL version 2. This
+article explains why upgrading the license is important.</p>
+
+<p>First of all, it is important to note that upgrading is a choice. GPL
+version 2 will remain a valid license, and no disaster will happen if
+some programs remain under GPLv2 while others advance to GPLv3. These
+two licenses are incompatible, but that isn't a serious problem.</p>
+
+<p>When we say that GPLv2 and GPLv3 are incompatible, it means there is
+no legal way to combine code under GPLv2 with code under GPLv3 in a
+single program. This is because both GPLv2 and GPLv3 are copyleft
+licenses: each of them says, “If you include code under this license
+in a larger program, the larger program must be under this license
+too.” There is no way to make them compatible. We could add a
+GPLv2-compatibility clause to GPLv3, but it wouldn't do the job,
+because GPLv2 would need a similar clause.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately, license incompatibility only matters when you want to
+link, merge or combine code from two different programs into a single
+program. There is no problem in having GPLv3-covered and
+GPLv2-covered programs side by side in an operating system. For
+instance, the TeX license and the Apache license are incompatible with
+GPLv2, but that doesn't stop us from running TeX and Apache in the
+same system with Linux, Bash and GCC. This is because they are all
+separate programs. Likewise, if Bash and GCC move to GPLv3, while
+Linux remains under GPLv2, there is no conflict.</p>
+
+<p>Keeping a program under GPLv2 won't create problems. The reason to
+migrate is because of the existing problems which GPLv3 will address.</p>
+
+<p>One major danger that GPLv3 will block is tivoization. Tivoization
+means computers (called “appliances”) contain GPL-covered software
+that you can't change, because the appliance shuts down if it detects
+modified software. The usual motive for tivoization is that the
+software has features the manufacturer thinks lots of people won't
+like. The manufacturers of these computers take advantage of the
+freedom that free software provides, but they don't let you do
+likewise.</p>
+
+<p>Some argue that competition between appliances in a free market should
+suffice to keep nasty features to a low level. Perhaps competition
+alone would avoid arbitrary, pointless misfeatures like “Must shut
+down between 1pm and 5pm every Tuesday”, but even so, a choice of
+masters isn't freedom. Freedom means <em>you</em> control what your software
+does, not merely that you can beg or threaten someone else who decides
+for you.</p>
+
+<p>In the crucial area of Digital Restrictions Management—nasty features
+designed to restrict your use of the data in your
+computer—competition is no help, because relevant competition is
+forbidden. Under the Digital Millenuium Copyright Act and similar
+laws, it is illegal, in the US and many other countries, to distribute
+DVD players unless they restrict the user according to the official
+rules of the DVD conspiracy (its web site is <a
href="http://www.dvdcca.org/">http://www.dvdcca.org/</a>,
+but the rules do not seem to be published there). The public can't
+reject DRM by buying non-DRM players, because none are available. No
+matter how many products you can choose from, they all have equivalent
+digital handcuffs.</p>
+
+<p>GPLv3 ensures you are free to remove the handcuffs. It doesn't forbid
+DRM, or any kind of feature. It places no limits on the substantive
+functionality you can add to a program, or remove from it. Rather, it
+makes sure that you are just as free to remove nasty features as the
+distributor of your copy was to add them. Tivoization is the way they
+deny you that freedom; to protect your freedom, GPLv3 forbids
+tivoization.</p>
+
+<p>The ban on tivoization applies to any product whose use by consumers,
+even occasionally, is to be expected. GPLv3 tolerates tivoization
+only for products that are almost exclusively meant for businesses and
+organizations. (The latest draft of GPLv3 states this criterion
+explicitly.)</p>
+
+<p>Another threat that GPLv3 resists is that of patent deals like the
+Novell-Microsoft deal. Microsoft wants to use its thousands of
+patents to make GNU/Linux users pay Microsoft for the privilege, and
+made this deal to try to get that. The deal offers Novell's customers
+rather limited protection from Microsoft patents.</p>
+
+<p>Microsoft made a few mistakes in the Novell-Microsoft deal, and GPLv3
+is designed to turn them against Microsoft, extending that limited
+patent protection to the whole community. In order to take advantage
+of this, programs need to use GPLv3.</p>
+
+<p>Microsoft's lawyers are not stupid, and next time they may manage to
+avoid those mistakes. GPLv3 therefore says they don't get a “next
+time”. Releasing a program under GPL version 3 protects it from
+Microsoft's future attempts to make redistributors collect Microsoft
+royalties from the program's users.</p>
+
+<p>GPLv3 also provides for explicit patent protection of the users from
+the program's contributors and redistributors. With GPLv2, users rely
+on an implicit patent license to make sure that the company which
+provided them a copy won't sue them, or the people they redistribute
+copies to, for patent infringement.</p>
+
+<p>The explicit patent license in GPLv3 does not go as far as we might
+have liked. Ideally, we would make everyone who redistributes
+GPL-covered code surrender all software patents, along with everyone
+who does not redistribute GPL-covered code. Software patents are a
+vicious and absurd system that puts all software developers in danger
+of being sued by companies they have never heard of, as well as by all
+the megacorporations in the field. Large programs typically combine
+thousands of ideas, so it is no surprise if they implement ideas
+covered by hundreds of patents. Megacorporations collect thousands of
+patents, and use those patents to bully smaller developers. Patents
+already obstruct free software development.</p>
+
+<p>The only way to make software development safe is to abolish software
+patents, and we aim to achieve this some day. But we cannot do this
+through a software license. Any program, free or not, can be killed
+by a software patent in the hands of an unrelated party, and the
+program's license cannot prevent that. Only court decisions or
+changes in patent law can make software development safe from patents.
+If we tried to do this with GPLv3, it would fail.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, GPLv3 seeks to limit and channel the danger. In
+particular, we have tried to save free software from a fate worse than
+death: to be made effectively proprietary, through patents. The
+explicit patent license of GPLv3 makes sure companies that use the GPL
+to give users the four freedoms cannot turn around and use their
+patents to tell some users “That doesn't include you.” It also
stops
+them from colluding with other patent holders to do this.</p>
+
+<p>Further advantages of GPLv3 include better internationalization, gentler
+termination, support for BitTorrent, and compatibility with the Apache
+license. All in all, plenty of
+reason to upgrade.</p>
+
+<p>Change is unlikely to cease once GPLv3 is released. If new threats to
+users' freedom develop, we will have to develop GPL version 4. It is
+important to make sure that programs will have no trouble upgrading to
+GPLv4 when the time comes.</p>
+
+<p>One way to do this is to release a program under “GPL version 3 or any
+later version”. Another way is for all the contributors to a program
+to state a proxy who can decide on upgrading to future GPL versions.
+The third way is for all the contributors to assign copyright to one
+designated copyright holder, who will be in a position to upgrade the
+license version. One way or another, programs should provide this
+flexibility for the future.</p>
+
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2007 Richard Stallman<br>
+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted
+worldwide without royalty in any medium provided this notice is preserved.</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2007/07/01 10:57:44 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h3>Translations of this page:</h3>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch.-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise [EMAIL PROTECTED] and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+
+<ul>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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