VDPAU is not VA-API

that's correct

Setting VDPAU_DRIVER means nothing to Firefox because it is not using VDPAU.

https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/VA-API_1.0.0#Detailed_Description
https://ffmpeg.org/doxygen/0.8/group__VDPAU__Decoding.html

        "libva-vdpau-driver which allows to use the VA-API enabled players with 
VDPAU backend (such as NVIDIA binary driver)."

https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/HWAccelIntro#PlatformAPIAvailability

        VDPAU / Linux / NVIDIA -> 'Fully usable'

ffmpeg -hwaccels
        ...
        Hardware acceleration methods:
        vdpau
        cuda
        vaapi
        qsv
        drm
        opencl
        vulkan

find/dl a 'busy' 4K+ h264 vid

e.g. @

        https://jell.yfish.us/media/jellyfish-250-mbps-4k-uhd-h264.mkv


        T="jellyfish-250-mbps-4k-uhd-h264.mkv"
        F="jellyfish-250-mbps-4k-uhd-h264.mp4"
        ffmpeg -i ${T} -codec copy ${F}

        ls -al ${F} ${T}
                -rw-r--r-- 1 test test 896M Dec 21  2016 
jellyfish-250-mbps-4k-uhd-h264.mkv
                -rw-r--r-- 1 test test 896M Nov 17 14:37 
jellyfish-250-mbps-4k-uhd-h264.mp4

exec un-accel'd FFmpeg decoder

        rm -f test.ts && ffmpeg -i ${F} test.ts
        sar 1 100
                Linux 5.14.17-301.fc35.x86_64 (test.loc)    11/17/2021      
_x86_64_        (16 CPU)

                02:23:27 PM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    
%steal     %idle
                02:23:28 PM     all      0.38      0.00      0.50      1.95     
 0.00     97.17
                02:23:29 PM     all     19.29      0.00      1.44      0.00     
 0.00     79.27
                02:23:30 PM     all     88.85      0.13      2.01      0.00     
 0.00      9.02
                02:23:31 PM     all     88.08      0.00      1.63      0.00     
 0.00     10.29
                02:23:32 PM     all     87.38      0.00      1.87      0.00     
 0.00     10.74
                02:23:33 PM     all     89.01      0.00      1.76      0.06     
 0.00      9.17
                02:23:34 PM     all     87.81      0.06      1.95      0.00     
 0.00     10.18
                02:23:35 PM     all     87.95      0.06      1.62      0.00     
 0.00     10.37
                02:23:36 PM     all     89.77      0.00      1.95      0.00     
 0.00      8.29
                02:23:37 PM     all     89.36      0.00      2.00      0.00     
 0.00      8.64
                02:23:38 PM     all     55.63      0.13      1.32      0.19     
 0.00     42.74
                02:23:39 PM     all      0.44      0.00      0.56      0.00     
 0.00     99.00
                02:23:40 PM     all      0.62      0.00      0.56      0.06     
 0.00     98.75
                ...

exec vaapi<-vdpau accel'd VA-API FFmpeg decoder

        rm -f test.ts && ffmpeg -hwaccel vdpau -i ${F} test.ts
        sar 1 100
                Linux 5.14.17-301.fc35.x86_64 (test.loc)    11/17/2021      
_x86_64_        (16 CPU)

                02:29:09 PM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    
%steal     %idle
                02:29:10 PM     all      0.63      0.06      0.31      0.00     
 0.00     99.00
                02:29:11 PM     all      0.50      0.00      0.69      0.25     
 0.00     98.56
                02:29:12 PM     all      8.48      0.13      2.07      0.31     
 0.00     89.01
                02:29:13 PM     all     31.32      0.00      2.76      0.00     
 0.00     65.91
                02:29:14 PM     all     31.47      0.00      2.01      0.00     
 0.00     66.52
                02:29:15 PM     all     33.98      0.00      2.81      0.00     
 0.00     63.21
                02:29:16 PM     all     34.43      0.12      2.79      0.12     
 0.00     62.54
                02:29:17 PM     all     32.87      0.13      2.38      0.44     
 0.00     64.18
                02:29:18 PM     all     30.01      0.00      2.62      0.19     
 0.00     67.19
                02:29:19 PM     all     27.51      0.06      2.62      0.00     
 0.00     69.81
                02:29:20 PM     all     29.92      0.06      2.61      0.00     
 0.00     67.41
                02:29:21 PM     all     28.58      0.00      2.59      0.06     
 0.00     68.77
                02:29:22 PM     all     28.25      0.00      2.46      0.13     
 0.00     69.17
                02:29:23 PM     all      5.11      0.06      1.62      0.00     
 0.00     93.20
                02:29:24 PM     all      0.31      0.00      0.31      0.00     
 0.00     99.37
                02:29:25 PM     all      0.87      0.12      0.81      0.06     
 0.00     98.13

no vaapi without vdpau translation

        rm -f test.ts && ffmpeg -hwaccel vaapi -i ${F} test.ts
                [AVHWDeviceContext @ 0x557bc805f840] libva: 
vaGetDriverNameByIndex() failed with unknown libva error, driver_name = (null)
                [AVHWDeviceContext @ 0x557bc805f840] Failed to initialise VAAPI 
connection: -1 (unknown libva error).
                Device creation failed: -5.
                [h264 @ 0x557bc78e4a00] No device available for decoder: device 
type vaapi needed for codec h264.
                Stream mapping:
                  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> mpeg2video (native))
                Device setup failed for decoder on input stream #0:0 : 
Input/output error

firefox exec, hw accel disabled

        VDPAU_DRIVER=nvidia MOZ_LOG="PlatformDecoderModule:5" firefox ${F} -p 
no_accel

                ...
                [Parent 6034: Main Thread]: D/PlatformDecoderModule VA-API 
FFmpeg is disabled by platform
                [Parent 6034: Main Thread]: D/PlatformDecoderModule VA-API 
FFmpeg is disabled by platform
                [Child 6177: Main Thread]: D/PlatformDecoderModule VA-API 
FFmpeg is disabled by platform
                [Child 6177: Main Thread]: D/PlatformDecoderModule VA-API 
FFmpeg is disabled by platform
                [RDD 6236: Main Thread]: D/PlatformDecoderModule VA-API FFmpeg 
is disabled by platform
                [Child 6177: MediaSupervisor #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule Hardware 
WebRender is off, disabled DMABuf & VAAPI.
                [Child 6177: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule 
Initialising FFmpeg decoder.
                [Child 6177: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule FFmpeg 
init successful.
                [Child 6177: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule 
Choosing FFmpeg pixel format for video decoding.
                ...

firefox exec, hw accel default enabled

        VDPAU_DRIVER=nvidia MOZ_LOG="PlatformDecoderModule:5" firefox ${F} -p 
default
                ...
                [RDD 5789: Main Thread]: D/PlatformDecoderModule VA-API FFmpeg 
is disabled by platform
                [Child 5746: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule 
Initialising VA-API FFmpeg decoder
                libva info: VA-API version 1.13.0
                [Child 5746: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule 
Initialising FFmpeg decoder.
                [Child 5746: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule FFmpeg 
init successful.
                [Child 5746: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule 
Choosing FFmpeg pixel format for video decoding.
                [Child 5746: MediaPDecoder #1]: D/PlatformDecoderModule DMABuf 
Got one frame output with pts=0dts=33375 duration=33000 
opaque=-9223372036854775808
                ...

Take a closer look at all of those links you threw at me. :)

...
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