To make a long story short: The input of UTF-8 characters with st needs an IBus daemon (standard on Gnome, but not on other window managers such as Plasma, dwm, ..).
I added to ~/.config/autostart: `Ibus-Daemon.desktop` ~~~ [Desktop Entry] Name=IBus Daemon Type=Application Exec=ibus-daemon -drx Terminal=false ~~~ Thanks for all your ideas!