Howdy, for documents,
I am currently using troff + mupdf + a small program to watch file changes. Whenever I spot a change of my source file, I rebuild the PDF from the troff and send SIGHUP to mupdf, which will reload the document. It is reasonably lightweight and it does meet your requirements - files in git, any editor (that supports troff), and worrying about styling later. Admittedly, there are likely tons of better solutions, for example embedding images in troff seems to be a nightmare to my limited knowledge. But my workflow may serve as some inspiration. Regards, Lukáš