I hope this idea will not be immediately rejected because it may remove simplicity.
Just how the URL is set by xprop, after pressing a keyboard shortcut then typing some search terms, the terms are URL-encoded, then appended to a fixed url. Example: Ctrl+K, suckless mailing list, surf's URL is set to http://www.google.com/search?q=suckless+mailing+list The configuration file would contain the URL to append the URL-encoded terms to and a keyboard shortcut.