The expr test cases covered string variables poorly and thus a number of
bugs and omissions slipped through.  This fixes them and generalizes the
test cases to better cover string variables.

Reported-by: Justin Pettit <jpet...@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <b...@nicira.com>
---
v1->v2: Fix return type of compare_cmps_3way().

 ovn/lib/expr.c   | 160 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 tests/ovn.at     |  93 ++++++++++++++----
 tests/test-ovn.c | 295 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 3 files changed, 414 insertions(+), 134 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ovn/lib/expr.c b/ovn/lib/expr.c
index 7289a9b..71d817b 100644
--- a/ovn/lib/expr.c
+++ b/ovn/lib/expr.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "ofp-actions.h"
 #include "shash.h"
 #include "simap.h"
+#include "sset.h"
 #include "openvswitch/vlog.h"
 
 VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(expr);
@@ -1643,9 +1644,119 @@ compare_expr_sort(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 
 static struct expr *crush_cmps(struct expr *, const struct expr_symbol *);
 
-/* Implementation of crush_cmps() for expr->type == EXPR_T_AND. */
+static bool
+disjunction_matches_string(const struct expr *or, const char *s)
+{
+    const struct expr *sub;
+
+    LIST_FOR_EACH (sub, node, &or->andor) {
+        if (!strcmp(sub->cmp.string, s)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/* Implementation of crush_cmps() for expr->type == EXPR_T_AND and a
+ * string-typed 'symbol'. */
+static struct expr *
+crush_and_string(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol *symbol)
+{
+    ovs_assert(!list_is_short(&expr->andor));
+
+    struct expr *singleton = NULL;
+
+    /* First crush each subexpression into either a single EXPR_T_CMP or an
+     * EXPR_T_OR with EXPR_T_CMP subexpressions. */
+    struct expr *sub, *next = NULL;
+    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (sub, next, node, &expr->andor) {
+        list_remove(&sub->node);
+        struct expr *new = crush_cmps(sub, symbol);
+        switch (new->type) {
+        case EXPR_T_CMP:
+            if (!singleton) {
+                list_insert(&next->node, &new->node);
+                singleton = new;
+            } else {
+                bool match = !strcmp(new->cmp.string, singleton->cmp.string);
+                expr_destroy(new);
+                if (!match) {
+                    expr_destroy(expr);
+                    return expr_create_boolean(false);
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        case EXPR_T_AND:
+            OVS_NOT_REACHED();
+        case EXPR_T_OR:
+            list_insert(&next->node, &new->node);
+            break;
+        case EXPR_T_BOOLEAN:
+            if (!new->boolean) {
+                expr_destroy(expr);
+                return new;
+            }
+            free(new);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If we have a singleton, then the result is either the singleton itself
+     * (if the ORs allow the singleton) or false. */
+    if (singleton) {
+        LIST_FOR_EACH (sub, node, &expr->andor) {
+            if (sub->type == EXPR_T_OR
+                && !disjunction_matches_string(sub, singleton->cmp.string)) {
+                expr_destroy(expr);
+                return expr_create_boolean(false);
+            }
+        }
+        list_remove(&singleton->node);
+        expr_destroy(expr);
+        return singleton;
+    }
+
+    /* Otherwise the result is the intersection of all of the ORs. */
+    struct sset result = SSET_INITIALIZER(&result);
+    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (sub, next, node, &expr->andor) {
+        struct sset strings = SSET_INITIALIZER(&strings);
+        const struct expr *s;
+        LIST_FOR_EACH (s, node, &sub->andor) {
+            sset_add(&strings, s->cmp.string);
+        }
+        if (sset_is_empty(&result)) {
+            sset_swap(&result, &strings);
+        } else {
+            sset_intersect(&result, &strings);
+        }
+        sset_destroy(&strings);
+
+        if (sset_is_empty(&result)) {
+            expr_destroy(expr);
+            sset_destroy(&result);
+            return expr_create_boolean(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    expr_destroy(expr);
+    expr = expr_create_andor(EXPR_T_OR);
+
+    const char *string;
+    SSET_FOR_EACH (string, &result) {
+        sub = xmalloc(sizeof *sub);
+        sub->type = EXPR_T_CMP;
+        sub->cmp.symbol = symbol;
+        sub->cmp.string = xstrdup(string);
+        list_push_back(&expr->andor, &sub->node);
+    }
+    return expr_fix(expr);
+}
+
+/* Implementation of crush_cmps() for expr->type == EXPR_T_AND and a
+ * numeric-typed 'symbol'. */
 static struct expr *
-crush_and(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol *symbol)
+crush_and_numeric(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol *symbol)
 {
     ovs_assert(!list_is_short(&expr->andor));
 
@@ -1800,17 +1911,28 @@ crush_and(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol 
*symbol)
 }
 
 static int
-compare_expr(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+compare_cmps_3way(const struct expr *a, const struct expr *b)
+{
+    ovs_assert(a->cmp.symbol == b->cmp.symbol);
+    if (!a->cmp.symbol->width) {
+        return strcmp(a->cmp.string, b->cmp.string);
+    } else {
+        int d = memcmp(&a->cmp.value, &b->cmp.value, sizeof a->cmp.value);
+        if (!d) {
+            d = memcmp(&a->cmp.mask, &b->cmp.mask, sizeof a->cmp.mask);
+        }
+        return d;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+compare_cmps_cb(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 {
     const struct expr *const *ap = a_;
     const struct expr *const *bp = b_;
     const struct expr *a = *ap;
     const struct expr *b = *bp;
-    int d = memcmp(&a->cmp.value, &b->cmp.value, sizeof a->cmp.value);
-    if (!d) {
-        d = memcmp(&a->cmp.mask, &b->cmp.mask, sizeof a->cmp.mask);
-    }
-    return d;
+    return compare_cmps_3way(a, b);
 }
 
 /* Implementation of crush_cmps() for expr->type == EXPR_T_OR. */
@@ -1841,15 +1963,15 @@ crush_or(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol 
*symbol)
     }
     ovs_assert(i == n);
 
-    qsort(subs, n, sizeof *subs, compare_expr);
+    qsort(subs, n, sizeof *subs, compare_cmps_cb);
 
+    /* Eliminate duplicates. */
     list_init(&expr->andor);
     list_push_back(&expr->andor, &subs[0]->node);
     for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
         struct expr *a = expr_from_node(list_back(&expr->andor));
         struct expr *b = subs[i];
-        if (memcmp(&a->cmp.value, &b->cmp.value, sizeof a->cmp.value)
-            || memcmp(&a->cmp.mask, &b->cmp.mask, sizeof a->cmp.mask)) {
+        if (compare_cmps_3way(a, b)) {
             list_push_back(&expr->andor, &b->node);
         } else {
             free(b);
@@ -1871,7 +1993,9 @@ crush_cmps(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol 
*symbol)
         return crush_or(expr, symbol);
 
     case EXPR_T_AND:
-        return crush_and(expr, symbol);
+        return (symbol->width
+                ? crush_and_numeric(expr, symbol)
+                : crush_and_string(expr, symbol));
 
     case EXPR_T_CMP:
         return expr;
@@ -1967,12 +2091,14 @@ expr_normalize_and(struct expr *expr)
     struct expr *a, *b;
     LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (a, b, node, &expr->andor) {
         if (&b->node == &expr->andor
-            || a->type != EXPR_T_CMP || b->type != EXPR_T_CMP) {
-        } else if (a->cmp.symbol != b->cmp.symbol) {
+            || a->type != EXPR_T_CMP || b->type != EXPR_T_CMP
+            || a->cmp.symbol != b->cmp.symbol) {
             continue;
-        } else if (mf_subvalue_intersect(&a->cmp.value, &a->cmp.mask,
-                                         &b->cmp.value, &b->cmp.mask,
-                                         &b->cmp.value, &b->cmp.mask)) {
+        } else if (a->cmp.symbol->width
+                   ? mf_subvalue_intersect(&a->cmp.value, &a->cmp.mask,
+                                           &b->cmp.value, &b->cmp.mask,
+                                           &b->cmp.value, &b->cmp.mask)
+                   : !strcmp(a->cmp.string, b->cmp.string)) {
             list_remove(&a->node);
             expr_destroy(a);
         } else {
diff --git a/tests/ovn.at b/tests/ovn.at
index d1696de..f5d1468 100644
--- a/tests/ovn.at
+++ b/tests/ovn.at
@@ -300,51 +300,99 @@ sed 's/.* => //' test-cases.txt > expout
 AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn annotate-expr < input.txt], [0], [expout])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- expression conversion (1)])
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 1-term expression conversion])
 AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=convert 1], [0],
-  [Tested converting all 1-terminal expressions with 2 vars each of 3 bits in 
terms of operators == != < <= > >=.
+  [Tested converting all 1-terminal expressions with 2 numeric vars (each 3 
bits) in terms of operators == != < <= > >= and 2 string vars.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- expression conversion (2)])
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 2-term expression conversion])
 AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=convert 2], [0],
-  [Tested converting 562 expressions of 2 terminals with 2 vars each of 3 bits 
in terms of operators == != < <= > >=.
+  [Tested converting 570 expressions of 2 terminals with 2 numeric vars (each 
3 bits) in terms of operators == != < <= > >= and 2 string vars.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- expression conversion (3)])
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 3-term expression conversion])
 AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=convert --bits=2 3], [0],
-  [Tested converting 57618 expressions of 3 terminals with 2 vars each of 2 
bits in terms of operators == != < <= > >=.
+  [Tested converting 62418 expressions of 3 terminals with 2 numeric vars 
(each 2 bits) in terms of operators == != < <= > >= and 2 string vars.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- expression simplification])
-AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=simplify --vars=2 3], [0],
-  [Tested simplifying 477138 expressions of 3 terminals with 2 vars each of 3 
bits in terms of operators == != < <= > >=.
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 3-term numeric expression simplification])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=simplify --nvars=2 --svars=0 
3], [0],
+  [Tested simplifying 477138 expressions of 3 terminals with 2 numeric vars 
(each 3 bits) in terms of operators == != < <= > >=.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- expression normalization (1)])
-AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --vars=3 --bits=1 
4], [0],
-  [Tested normalizing 1207162 expressions of 4 terminals with 3 vars each of 1 
bits in terms of operators == != < <= > >=.
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 4-term string expression simplification])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=simplify --nvars=0 --svars=4 
4], [0],
+  [Tested simplifying 21978 expressions of 4 terminals with 4 string vars.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- expression normalization (1)])
-AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --vars=3 --bits=1 
--relops='==' 5], [0],
-  [Tested normalizing 368550 expressions of 5 terminals with 3 vars each of 1 
bits in terms of operators ==.
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 3-term mixed expression simplification])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=simplify --nvars=1 --svars=1 
3], [0],
+  [Tested simplifying 124410 expressions of 3 terminals with 1 numeric vars 
(each 3 bits) in terms of operators == != < <= > >= and 1 string vars.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- converting expressions to flows (1)])
-AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=flow --vars=2 --bits=2 
--relops='==' 4], [0],
-  [Tested converting to flows 128282 expressions of 4 terminals with 2 vars 
each of 2 bits in terms of operators ==.
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 4-term numeric expression normalization])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --nvars=3 
--svars=0 --bits=1 4], [0],
+  [Tested normalizing 1207162 expressions of 4 terminals with 3 numeric vars 
(each 1 bits) in terms of operators == != < <= > >=.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ovn -- converting expressions to flows (2)])
-AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=flow --vars=3 --bits=3 
--relops='==' 3], [0],
-  [Tested converting to flows 38394 expressions of 3 terminals with 3 vars 
each of 3 bits in terms of operators ==.
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 4-term string expression normalization])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --nvars=0 
--svars=3 --bits=1 4], [0],
+  [Tested normalizing 11242 expressions of 4 terminals with 3 string vars.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 4-term mixed expression normalization])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --nvars=1 --bits=1 
--svars=2 4], [0],
+  [Tested normalizing 128282 expressions of 4 terminals with 1 numeric vars 
(each 1 bits) in terms of operators == != < <= > >= and 2 string vars.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 5-term numeric expression normalization])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --nvars=3 
--svars=0 --bits=1 --relops='==' 5], [0],
+  [Tested normalizing 368550 expressions of 5 terminals with 3 numeric vars 
(each 1 bits) in terms of operators ==.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 5-term string expression normalization])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --nvars=0 
--svars=3 --bits=1 --relops='==' 5], [0],
+  [Tested normalizing 368550 expressions of 5 terminals with 3 string vars.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 5-term mixed expression normalization])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=normalize --nvars=1 
--svars=1 --bits=1 --relops='==' 5], [0],
+  [Tested normalizing 116550 expressions of 5 terminals with 1 numeric vars 
(each 1 bits) in terms of operators == and 1 string vars.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 4-term numeric expressions to flows])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=flow --nvars=2 --svars=0 
--bits=2 --relops='==' 4], [0],
+  [Tested converting to flows 128282 expressions of 4 terminals with 2 numeric 
vars (each 2 bits) in terms of operators ==.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 4-term string expressions to flows])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=flow --nvars=0 --svars=4 4], 
[0],
+  [Tested converting to flows 21978 expressions of 4 terminals with 4 string 
vars.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 4-term mixed expressions to flows])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=flow --nvars=1 --bits=2 
--svars=1 --relops='==' 4], [0],
+  [Tested converting to flows 37994 expressions of 4 terminals with 1 numeric 
vars (each 2 bits) in terms of operators == and 1 string vars.
+])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+AT_SETUP([ovn -- 3-term numeric expressions to flows])
+AT_CHECK([ovstest test-ovn exhaustive --operation=flow --nvars=3 --svars=0 
--bits=3 --relops='==' 3], [0],
+  [Tested converting to flows 38394 expressions of 3 terminals with 3 numeric 
vars (each 3 bits) in terms of operators ==.
 ])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
@@ -379,6 +427,9 @@ ip,reg6=0x6
 ipv6,reg6=0x5
 ipv6,reg6=0x6
 ])
+AT_CHECK([expr_to_flow 'inport == "eth0" && inport == "eth1"'], [0], [dnl
+(no flows)
+])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
 AT_SETUP([ovn -- action parsing])
diff --git a/tests/test-ovn.c b/tests/test-ovn.c
index 60b87de..ecb3b5c 100644
--- a/tests/test-ovn.c
+++ b/tests/test-ovn.c
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@
 /* --relops: Bitmap of the relational operators to test, in exhaustive test. */
 static unsigned int test_relops;
 
-/* --vars: Number of variables to test, in exhaustive test. */
-static int test_vars = 2;
+/* --nvars: Number of numeric variables to test, in exhaustive test. */
+static int test_nvars = 2;
+
+/* --svars: Number of string variables to test, in exhaustive test. */
+static int test_svars = 2;
 
 /* --bits: Number of bits per variable, in exhaustive test. */
 static int test_bits = 3;
@@ -343,37 +346,45 @@ evaluate_andor_expr(const struct expr *expr, unsigned int 
subst, int n_bits,
 static bool
 evaluate_cmp_expr(const struct expr *expr, unsigned int subst, int n_bits)
 {
-    int var_idx = expr->cmp.symbol->name[0] - 'a';
-    unsigned var_mask = (1u << n_bits) - 1;
-    unsigned int arg1 = (subst >> (var_idx * n_bits)) & var_mask;
-    unsigned int arg2 = ntohll(expr->cmp.value.integer);
-    unsigned int mask = ntohll(expr->cmp.mask.integer);
-
-    ovs_assert(!(mask & ~var_mask));
-    ovs_assert(!(arg2 & ~var_mask));
-    ovs_assert(!(arg2 & ~mask));
-
-    arg1 &= mask;
-    switch (expr->cmp.relop) {
-    case EXPR_R_EQ:
-        return arg1 == arg2;
+    int var_idx = atoi(expr->cmp.symbol->name + 1);
+    if (expr->cmp.symbol->name[0] == 'n') {
+        unsigned var_mask = (1u << n_bits) - 1;
+        unsigned int arg1 = (subst >> (var_idx * n_bits)) & var_mask;
+        unsigned int arg2 = ntohll(expr->cmp.value.integer);
+        unsigned int mask = ntohll(expr->cmp.mask.integer);
 
-    case EXPR_R_NE:
-        return arg1 != arg2;
+        ovs_assert(!(mask & ~var_mask));
+        ovs_assert(!(arg2 & ~var_mask));
+        ovs_assert(!(arg2 & ~mask));
 
-    case EXPR_R_LT:
-        return arg1 < arg2;
+        arg1 &= mask;
+        switch (expr->cmp.relop) {
+        case EXPR_R_EQ:
+            return arg1 == arg2;
 
-    case EXPR_R_LE:
-        return arg1 <= arg2;
+        case EXPR_R_NE:
+            return arg1 != arg2;
 
-    case EXPR_R_GT:
-        return arg1 > arg2;
+        case EXPR_R_LT:
+            return arg1 < arg2;
 
-    case EXPR_R_GE:
-        return arg1 >= arg2;
+        case EXPR_R_LE:
+            return arg1 <= arg2;
 
-    default:
+        case EXPR_R_GT:
+            return arg1 > arg2;
+
+        case EXPR_R_GE:
+            return arg1 >= arg2;
+
+        default:
+            OVS_NOT_REACHED();
+        }
+    } else if (expr->cmp.symbol->name[0] == 's') {
+        unsigned int arg1 = (subst >> (test_nvars * n_bits + var_idx)) & 1;
+        unsigned int arg2 = atoi(expr->cmp.string);
+        return arg1 == arg2;
+    } else {
         OVS_NOT_REACHED();
     }
 }
@@ -678,15 +689,31 @@ test_tree_shape(struct ovs_cmdl_context *ctx)
 /* Sets 'expr' to the first possible terminal expression.  'var' should be the
  * first variable in the ones to be tested. */
 static void
-init_terminal(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol *var)
+init_terminal(struct expr *expr, int phase,
+              const struct expr_symbol *nvars[], int n_nvars,
+              const struct expr_symbol *svars[], int n_svars)
 {
-    expr->type = EXPR_T_CMP;
-    expr->cmp.symbol = var;
-    expr->cmp.relop = rightmost_1bit_idx(test_relops);
-    memset(&expr->cmp.value, 0, sizeof expr->cmp.value);
-    memset(&expr->cmp.mask, 0, sizeof expr->cmp.mask);
-    expr->cmp.value.integer = htonll(0);
-    expr->cmp.mask.integer = htonll(1);
+    if (phase < 1 && n_nvars) {
+        expr->type = EXPR_T_CMP;
+        expr->cmp.symbol = nvars[0];
+        expr->cmp.relop = rightmost_1bit_idx(test_relops);
+        memset(&expr->cmp.value, 0, sizeof expr->cmp.value);
+        memset(&expr->cmp.mask, 0, sizeof expr->cmp.mask);
+        expr->cmp.value.integer = htonll(0);
+        expr->cmp.mask.integer = htonll(1);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (phase < 2 && n_svars) {
+        expr->type = EXPR_T_CMP;
+        expr->cmp.symbol = svars[0];
+        expr->cmp.relop = EXPR_R_EQ;
+        expr->cmp.string = xstrdup("0");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    expr->type = EXPR_T_BOOLEAN;
+    expr->boolean = false;
 }
 
 /* Returns 'x' with the rightmost contiguous string of 1s changed to 0s,
@@ -722,8 +749,9 @@ next_relop(enum expr_relop relop)
 /* Advances 'expr' to the next possible terminal expression within the 'n_vars'
  * variables of 'n_bits' bits each in 'vars[]'. */
 static bool
-next_terminal(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol *vars[], int n_vars,
-              int n_bits)
+next_terminal(struct expr *expr,
+              const struct expr_symbol *nvars[], int n_nvars, int n_bits,
+              const struct expr_symbol *svars[], int n_svars)
 {
     if (expr->type == EXPR_T_BOOLEAN) {
         if (expr->boolean) {
@@ -734,6 +762,21 @@ next_terminal(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol 
*vars[], int n_vars,
         }
     }
 
+    if (!expr->cmp.symbol->width) {
+        int next_value = atoi(expr->cmp.string) + 1;
+        free(expr->cmp.string);
+        if (next_value > 1) {
+            expr->cmp.symbol = next_var(expr->cmp.symbol, svars, n_svars);
+            if (!expr->cmp.symbol) {
+                init_terminal(expr, 2, nvars, n_nvars, svars, n_svars);
+                return true;
+            }
+            next_value = 0;
+        }
+        expr->cmp.string = xasprintf("%d", next_value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
     unsigned int next;
 
     next = (ntohll(expr->cmp.value.integer)
@@ -746,10 +789,9 @@ next_terminal(struct expr *expr, const struct expr_symbol 
*vars[], int n_vars,
             enum expr_relop old_relop = expr->cmp.relop;
             expr->cmp.relop = next_relop(old_relop);
             if (expr->cmp.relop <= old_relop) {
-                expr->cmp.symbol = next_var(expr->cmp.symbol,vars, n_vars);
+                expr->cmp.symbol = next_var(expr->cmp.symbol, nvars, n_nvars);
                 if (!expr->cmp.symbol) {
-                    expr->type = EXPR_T_BOOLEAN;
-                    expr->boolean = false;
+                    init_terminal(expr, 1, nvars, n_nvars, svars, n_svars);
                     return true;
                 }
             }
@@ -828,14 +870,19 @@ free_rule(struct test_rule *test_rule)
 static int
 test_tree_shape_exhaustively(struct expr *expr, struct shash *symtab,
                              struct expr *terminals[], int n_terminals,
-                             const struct expr_symbol *vars[], int n_vars,
-                             int n_bits)
+                             const struct expr_symbol *nvars[], int n_nvars,
+                             int n_bits,
+                             const struct expr_symbol *svars[], int n_svars)
 {
+    struct simap string_map = SIMAP_INITIALIZER(&string_map);
+    simap_put(&string_map, "0", 0);
+    simap_put(&string_map, "1", 1);
+
     int n_tested = 0;
 
     const unsigned int var_mask = (1u << n_bits) - 1;
     for (int i = 0; i < n_terminals; i++) {
-        init_terminal(terminals[i], vars[0]);
+        init_terminal(terminals[i], 0, nvars, n_nvars, svars, n_svars);
     }
 
     struct ds s = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
@@ -845,12 +892,14 @@ test_tree_shape_exhaustively(struct expr *expr, struct 
shash *symtab,
         for (int i = n_terminals - 1; ; i--) {
             if (!i) {
                 ds_destroy(&s);
+                simap_destroy(&string_map);
                 return n_tested;
             }
-            if (next_terminal(terminals[i], vars, n_vars, n_bits)) {
+            if (next_terminal(terminals[i], nvars, n_nvars, n_bits,
+                              svars, n_svars)) {
                 break;
             }
-            init_terminal(terminals[i], vars[0]);
+            init_terminal(terminals[i], 0, nvars, n_nvars, svars, n_svars);
         }
         ovs_assert(expr_honors_invariants(expr));
 
@@ -884,7 +933,7 @@ test_tree_shape_exhaustively(struct expr *expr, struct 
shash *symtab,
             struct expr_match *m;
             struct test_rule *test_rule;
 
-            expr_to_matches(modified, NULL, &matches);
+            expr_to_matches(modified, &string_map, &matches);
 
             classifier_init(&cls, NULL);
             HMAP_FOR_EACH (m, hmap_node, &matches) {
@@ -894,7 +943,8 @@ test_tree_shape_exhaustively(struct expr *expr, struct 
shash *symtab,
                                   m->conjunctions, m->n);
             }
         }
-        for (int subst = 0; subst < 1 << (n_bits * n_vars); subst++) {
+        for (int subst = 0; subst < 1 << (n_bits * n_nvars + n_svars);
+             subst++) {
             bool expected = evaluate_expr(expr, subst, n_bits);
             bool actual = evaluate_expr(modified, subst, n_bits);
             if (actual != expected) {
@@ -910,21 +960,29 @@ test_tree_shape_exhaustively(struct expr *expr, struct 
shash *symtab,
                         "%s evaluates to %d, but %s evaluates to %d, for",
                         ds_cstr(&expr_s), expected,
                         ds_cstr(&modified_s), actual);
-                for (int i = 0; i < n_vars; i++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < n_nvars; i++) {
                     if (i > 0) {
                         fputs(",", stderr);
                     }
-                    fprintf(stderr, " %c = 0x%x", 'a' + i,
+                    fprintf(stderr, " n%d = 0x%x", i,
                             (subst >> (n_bits * i)) & var_mask);
                 }
+                for (int i = 0; i < n_svars; i++) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, ", s%d = \"%d\"", i,
+                            (subst >> (n_bits * n_nvars + i)) & 1);
+                }
                 putc('\n', stderr);
                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
 
             if (operation >= OP_FLOW) {
-                for (int i = 0; i < n_vars; i++) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < n_nvars; i++) {
                     f.regs[i] = (subst >> (i * n_bits)) & var_mask;
                 }
+                for (int i = 0; i < n_svars; i++) {
+                    f.regs[n_nvars + i] = ((subst >> (n_nvars * n_bits + i))
+                                           & 1);
+                }
                 bool found = classifier_lookup(&cls, CLS_MIN_VERSION,
                                                &f, NULL) != NULL;
                 if (expected != found) {
@@ -939,13 +997,17 @@ test_tree_shape_exhaustively(struct expr *expr, struct 
shash *symtab,
                     fprintf(stderr,
                             "%s and %s evaluate to %d, for",
                             ds_cstr(&expr_s), ds_cstr(&modified_s), expected);
-                    for (int i = 0; i < n_vars; i++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_nvars; i++) {
                         if (i > 0) {
                             fputs(",", stderr);
                         }
-                        fprintf(stderr, " %c = 0x%x", 'a' + i,
+                        fprintf(stderr, " n%d = 0x%x", i,
                                 (subst >> (n_bits * i)) & var_mask);
                     }
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_svars; i++) {
+                        fprintf(stderr, ", s%d = \"%d\"", i,
+                                (subst >> (n_bits * n_nvars + i)) & 1);
+                    }
                     fputs(".\n", stderr);
 
                     fprintf(stderr, "Converted to classifier:\n");
@@ -1012,16 +1074,25 @@ test_exhaustive(struct ovs_cmdl_context *ctx OVS_UNUSED)
     int n_tses;
 
     struct shash symtab;
-    const struct expr_symbol *vars[4];
+    const struct expr_symbol *nvars[4];
+    const struct expr_symbol *svars[4];
 
-    ovs_assert(test_vars <= ARRAY_SIZE(vars));
+    ovs_assert(test_nvars <= ARRAY_SIZE(nvars));
+    ovs_assert(test_svars <= ARRAY_SIZE(svars));
+    ovs_assert(test_nvars + test_svars <= FLOW_N_REGS);
 
     shash_init(&symtab);
-    for (int i = 0; i < test_vars; i++) {
-        char name[2] = { 'a' + i, '\0' };
-
-        vars[i] = expr_symtab_add_field(&symtab, name, MFF_REG0 + i, NULL,
-                                       false);
+    for (int i = 0; i < test_nvars; i++) {
+        char *name = xasprintf("n%d", i);
+        nvars[i] = expr_symtab_add_field(&symtab, name, MFF_REG0 + i, NULL,
+                                         false);
+        free(name);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < test_svars; i++) {
+        char *name = xasprintf("s%d", i);
+        svars[i] = expr_symtab_add_string(&symtab, name,
+                                          MFF_REG0 + test_nvars + i, NULL);
+        free(name);
     }
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
@@ -1056,7 +1127,8 @@ test_exhaustive(struct ovs_cmdl_context *ctx OVS_UNUSED)
                 if (!pid) {
                     test_tree_shape_exhaustively(expr, &symtab,
                                                  terminals, n_terminals,
-                                                 vars, test_vars, test_bits);
+                                                 nvars, test_nvars, test_bits,
+                                                 svars, test_svars);
                     expr_destroy(expr);
                     exit(0);
                 } else {
@@ -1070,7 +1142,8 @@ test_exhaustive(struct ovs_cmdl_context *ctx OVS_UNUSED)
             {
                 n_tested += test_tree_shape_exhaustively(
                     expr, &symtab, terminals, n_terminals,
-                    vars, test_vars, test_bits);
+                    nvars, test_nvars, test_bits,
+                    svars, test_svars);
             }
             expr_destroy(expr);
         }
@@ -1102,12 +1175,25 @@ test_exhaustive(struct ovs_cmdl_context *ctx OVS_UNUSED)
     } else {
         printf(" all %d-terminal expressions", n_terminals);
     }
-    printf(" with %d vars each of %d bits in terms of operators",
-           test_vars, test_bits);
-    for (unsigned int relops = test_relops; relops;
-         relops = zero_rightmost_1bit(relops)) {
-        enum expr_relop r = rightmost_1bit_idx(relops);
-        printf(" %s", expr_relop_to_string(r));
+    if (test_nvars || test_svars) {
+        printf(" with");
+        if (test_nvars) {
+            printf(" %d numeric vars (each %d bits) in terms of operators",
+                   test_nvars, test_bits);
+            for (unsigned int relops = test_relops; relops;
+                 relops = zero_rightmost_1bit(relops)) {
+                enum expr_relop r = rightmost_1bit_idx(relops);
+                printf(" %s", expr_relop_to_string(r));
+            }
+        }
+        if (test_nvars && test_svars) {
+            printf (" and");
+        }
+        if (test_svars) {
+            printf(" %d string vars", test_svars);
+        }
+    } else {
+        printf(" in terms of Boolean constants only");
     }
     printf(".\n");
 
@@ -1227,15 +1313,19 @@ tree-shape N\n\
 exhaustive N\n\
   Tests that all possible Boolean expressions with N terminals are properly\n\
   simplified, normalized, and converted to flows.  Available options:\n\
-    --relops=OPERATORS   Test only the specified Boolean operators.\n\
-                         OPERATORS may include == != < <= > >=, space or\n\
-                         comma separated.  Default is all operators.\n\
-    --vars=N  Number of variables to test, in range 1...4, default 2.\n\
-    --bits=N  Number of bits per variable, in range 1...3, default 3.\n\
+   Overall options:\n\
     --operation=OPERATION  Operation to test, one of: convert, simplify,\n\
         normalize, flow.  Default: flow.  'normalize' includes 'simplify',\n\
-        'flow' includes 'simplify' and 'normaize'.\n\
+        'flow' includes 'simplify' and 'normalize'.\n\
     --parallel=N  Number of processes to use in parallel, default 1.\n\
+   Numeric vars:\n\
+    --nvars=N  Number of numeric vars to test, in range 0...4, default 2.\n\
+    --bits=N  Number of bits per variable, in range 1...3, default 3.\n\
+    --relops=OPERATORS   Test only the specified Boolean operators.\n\
+                         OPERATORS may include == != < <= > >=, space or\n\
+                         comma separated.  Default is all operators.\n\
+   String vars:\n\
+    --svars=N  Number of string vars to test, in range 0...4, default 2.\n\
 ",
            program_name, program_name);
     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
@@ -1244,30 +1334,34 @@ exhaustive N\n\
 static void
 test_ovn_main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+    enum {
+        OPT_RELOPS = UCHAR_MAX + 1,
+        OPT_NVARS,
+        OPT_SVARS,
+        OPT_BITS,
+        OPT_OPERATION,
+        OPT_PARALLEL
+    };
+    static const struct option long_options[] = {
+        {"relops", required_argument, NULL, OPT_RELOPS},
+        {"nvars", required_argument, NULL, OPT_NVARS},
+        {"svars", required_argument, NULL, OPT_SVARS},
+        {"bits", required_argument, NULL, OPT_BITS},
+        {"operation", required_argument, NULL, OPT_OPERATION},
+        {"parallel", required_argument, NULL, OPT_PARALLEL},
+        {"more", no_argument, NULL, 'm'},
+        {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
+        {NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
+    };
+    char *short_options = ovs_cmdl_long_options_to_short_options(long_options);
+
     set_program_name(argv[0]);
 
     test_relops = parse_relops("== != < <= > >=");
     for (;;) {
-        enum {
-            OPT_RELOPS = UCHAR_MAX + 1,
-            OPT_VARS,
-            OPT_BITS,
-            OPT_OPERATION,
-            OPT_PARALLEL
-        };
-
-        static const struct option options[] = {
-            {"relops", required_argument, NULL, OPT_RELOPS},
-            {"vars", required_argument, NULL, OPT_VARS},
-            {"bits", required_argument, NULL, OPT_BITS},
-            {"operation", required_argument, NULL, OPT_OPERATION},
-            {"parallel", required_argument, NULL, OPT_PARALLEL},
-            {"more", no_argument, NULL, 'm'},
-            {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
-            {NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
-        };
         int option_index = 0;
-        int c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "", options, &option_index);
+        int c = getopt_long (argc, argv, short_options, long_options,
+                             &option_index);
 
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
@@ -1277,10 +1371,19 @@ test_ovn_main(int argc, char *argv[])
             test_relops = parse_relops(optarg);
             break;
 
-        case OPT_VARS:
-            test_vars = atoi(optarg);
-            if (test_vars < 1 || test_vars > 4) {
-                ovs_fatal(0, "number of variables must be between 1 and 4");
+        case OPT_NVARS:
+            test_nvars = atoi(optarg);
+            if (test_nvars < 0 || test_nvars > 4) {
+                ovs_fatal(0, "number of numeric variables must be "
+                          "between 0 and 4");
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case OPT_SVARS:
+            test_svars = atoi(optarg);
+            if (test_svars < 0 || test_svars > 4) {
+                ovs_fatal(0, "number of string variables must be "
+                          "between 0 and 4");
             }
             break;
 
-- 
2.1.3

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