Pinned external buffers were introduced with this patch: https://git.dpdk.org/dpdk/commit/lib/librte_mbuf/rte_mbuf.h?id=6ef1107ad4c6d4fcb6be627367ee0b97bb13e822
Question 1: Please confirm that the mbuf's pinned external buffer's refcnt is supposed to be 1 when an mbuf is returned to the mempool? If so, the below assertion should be updated for completion: rte_mbuf_raw_free(struct rte_mbuf *m) { RTE_ASSERT(!RTE_MBUF_CLONED(m) && - (!RTE_MBUF_HAS_EXTBUF(m) || RTE_MBUF_HAS_PINNED_EXTBUF(m))); + (!RTE_MBUF_HAS_EXTBUF(m) || + (RTE_MBUF_HAS_PINNED_EXTBUF(m) && + rte_mbuf_ext_refcnt_read(m->shinfo) == 1))); __rte_mbuf_raw_sanity_check(m); rte_mempool_put(m->pool, m); } The increased performance cost should be acceptable for debug builds (i.e. with assertions enabled). Question 2: Could this assertion be moved to __rte_mbuf_raw_sanity_check()? I'm working on a new rte_mbuf_raw_free_bulk() function, for use with RTE_ETH_TX_OFFLOAD_MBUF_FAST_FREE; and if the assertion is not moved to __rte_mbuf_raw_sanity_check(), it needs to be copy-pasted into the new raw_free_bulk() function too.