+1 to Tupshin's proposal: 10k nodes (massive clusters) really is the next frontier.
I don't expect the vnodes to add that much to the gossip dissemination as the tokens per-node are sent out only a handful of times (when a node joins the ring, mostly). Without having hard data to back myself up, I'd suspect that the Failure Detector fails first, as with clusters that large, we probably can't propagate the heartbeats (via gossip) fast enough/regularly enough so that peers start marking each other down (due to the Phi Accrual alogrithm). Thanks, -Jason