Well renaming $HOME is questionable, at least, depending on how you made it.
And the names of usual folders inside $HOME follow some conventions ( XDG, 
freedesktop ) which are expected by your desktop environment and system. 

It's probably your ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs file which has been emptied
after such renaming.

By default it looks like :

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run.
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
# 
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Download"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

If you only renamed the $HOME folder then you'll have to replace

$HOME/

by

/home/new_name_for_user/

If you also renamed one or all of those 8 usual and conventional folders,
you'll have to replace

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"

by

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="/home/new_name_for_user/new_name_for_desktop"

and for each renamed folder.

This mechanic is handled at start of session by xdg-user-dirs / xdg-
user-dirs-gtk

Folder for $HOME is expected to be the user's name, in lower case
letters, as given by command

id

The matching of user's name + « real » name + other info about one user
+ place for his $HOME + uid + primary gid is stored into the file
/etc/passwd you may look at it using

grep -E :[0-9]{4}: /etc/passwd

which will show you only the « human » users on your system ( those with
uid ≥ 1000 )

-- 
You received this bug notification because you are a member of Desktop
Packages, which is subscribed to nautilus in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1995199

Title:
  Renaming home folders corrupts side panel behavior

Status in nautilus package in Ubuntu:
  Incomplete

Bug description:
  Hi!

  Renamed home folder is not synchronized with side panel.
  So, side panel's link does not work after renaming home folders.

  Expected, opening renamed folder from side panel.
  Due to lack of customization of side panel, links can not
  be changed to the new renamed location.

  It is not only my opinion that the side panel must have more
  customization features, including resizing and disabling it.     

  Ubuntu 22.10
  5.19.0-23-generic

  nautilus-data/kinetic,kinetic,now 1:43.0-1ubuntu1 all [installed,automatic]
  nautilus-extension-gnome-terminal/kinetic,now 3.46.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 
[installed,automatic]
  nautilus/kinetic,now 1:43.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]

To manage notifications about this bug go to:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/1995199/+subscriptions


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