So, I figured out my case, I hope this helps anyone else with the same issue
for some forsaken reason I had # intelworkaround export MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=i965 in my ~/.profile, which forced mesa to look for i965, failing since it has been removed in testing, and falling back to SW rendering. you can check if you have the same issue by using MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=iris (if iris is the one corresponding to your intel graphics): :~$ xdriinfo libGL error: MESA-LOADER: failed to open i965: /usr/lib/dri/i965_dri.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory (search paths /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri:\$${ORIGIN}/dri:/usr/lib/dri, suffix _dri) libGL error: failed to load driver: i965 Screen 0: swrast :~$ MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=iris xdriinfoScreen 0: iris now HW acceleration is back and my sanity has been restored. there should be a way of tracking insidious workarounds like that. one day something breaks, you slap a quick workaround to have a working computer, but the non-standard config stays there to bite you in the rear months/years later