On 30/03/2023 08:01, John Boxall wrote:
     "xdg-mime query default x-scheme-handler/webcal
org.gnome.Evolution.desktop"

To express it explicitly: handling of "text/calendar" .ics files and webcal: (webcals:) URI schemes are configured independently. From your original message it was unclear for me if you mean a https: link to an .ics file or not.

Alternative command that actually calls xdg-mime:

    xdg-settings get default-url-scheme-handler webcal
    thunderbird.desktop

Both commands may set handlers.

In Firefox check application associations in preferences (settings).

I was able to change the application association in Firefox which allowed me to select the Thunderbird launch script in /usr/bin and then process the URL.

When associations are properly added to ~/.config/mimeapps.list, firefox should offer thunderbird directly without necessity to browse filesystem for the executable.

Chrome does not have the same capability as Firefox for application associations and relies on the system file associations.

Chrome invokes xdg-open that should execute "gio open". Gnome either uses default handler or display a dialog with alternatives.

     file "appointments (4).ics"
     appointments (4).ics: vCalendar calendar file

   file --mime
   uid.ics: text/calendar; charset=us-ascii

is more relevant for configuration of MIME types

     text/calendar=thunderbird.desktop

Such entry is present in thunderbird.desktop, so additional configuration should not be necessary.

I missed the x-scheme-handler/webcal mime type which was the root of my problem.

For some reason posting content of ~/.config/mimeapps.list you missed section headers.

[Added Associations]
x-scheme-handler/webcal=thunderbird.desktop
x-scheme-handler/webcals=thunderbird.desktop

should be enough for Gnome to add Thunderbird to open dialog. Unsure if x-scheme-handler/webcals is really necessary. To set thunderbird *by default*:

[Default Applications]
x-scheme-handler/webcal=thunderbird.desktop
x-scheme-handler/webcals=thunderbird.desktop

and check that it is not overridden. You posted a lot of files and some of them might have higher priority for backward compatibility.

Ubuntu has x-scheme-handler/webcal in thunderbird.desktop. You may submit a request to https://bugs.debian.org similar to the mid: (Message-ID) URI scheme https://bugs.debian.org/1008159

The following pages describe how to configure associations of MIME types and applications, unfortunately URI schemes are not mentioned:

https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/mime-types-application.html.en
Override the default registered application for all users

https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/mime-types-application-user.html.en
Override the default registered application for individual users

I am unaware of Debian docs, however an example of setting scheme handler may be found in https://wiki.debian.org/DefaultWebBrowser The following page looks too general https://wiki.debian.org/MimeTypesSupport

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