Le Thu, Nov 18, 2004 at 09:17:02AM -0800, Chad ecrit : > I just installed Debian 3.0 r3. I'm a newbie and looking for some > anwers to some of my questions...if someone can anwser one, some, or > all Please.... Welcome to our fabulous world !
> 1. I know that apt-get is the main utility to add and remove
> programs (in Debian anyways), also to veiw what is installed on your
> OS. But what about other packages or applications that are not
> installed through apt-get. Is there a another utility to tell you
> want is all installed on your OS, or to keep track of all
> software/packages/applications installed?
Everything installed throught the package system is given by :
COLUMNS=150 dpkg -l | more
Everything installed by its own system shoud be installed either in a
special directory in /opt or dispatched in /usr/local/* or installed
throught a wrapper which record the changes to the system.
> 2. How do you check for all running services and how to start/stop
> system services that are unused?
If you want to know what are the current processes running, use
"ps ax". There are many options, you will find them in the help system
: "man ps"
If you want to know what are the services normally started, they are
listed in /etc/rc2.d . filenames beginning with S for Start and K for
Kill. The files are only shortcuts to the real files in /etc/init.d.
You can see exactly what I means by typing "ls -l" in the rc2.d
directory.
You can manage these services with different programs :
update-rc.d
sysvconfig
sysv-rc-conf
To have more precision on a package :
apt-cache show sysv-rc-conf
Once installed, to have the help :
man sysv-rc-conf
> 3. How do you check for all open ports and what programs are using
> the ports.
You can use netstat with the following options (my favourites) :
netstat -taupen
You will see every connection (TCP, UDP, sockets), which can be
listening, established, waiting... who is connected, and which process
is listening
> 4. What is the common folder Where most software/packages/applications
> installed into?
/bin and /sbin for the system critical programs
/usr/bin and /usr/sbin for the system programs
/usr/local/bin and /usr/local/sbin for the program you added *
* you can prefer to add programs in /opt to have a directory for each
applicationn
> 5. Anyone has a good site for descriptions of the configuration
> files on a linux system. For Example XF86Config-4. I have no idea of
> what configuration files do what or where they are located.
Choose a file in /etc and try the help command :
man XF86Config-4
> 6. Where is the boot files? So I can control or know what programs
> start at boot.
The boot process begins with the "S" scripts in /etc/rcS.d and usually
continue with thoses in /etc/rc2.d
the shutdown process with the "K" scripts from rc2.d, then from rcS.d
Fanfan
--
La santé se mesure ŕ l'amour du matin et du printemps.
[Henry David Thoreau]
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