Hi, > the binary generated will not boot unless the EFI option is checked
Did you check whether the ISO has boot lures for legacy PC-BIOS ? With a dowloaded Debian Live ISO, these lures are reported by xorriso -indev debian-live-12.0.0-amd64-standard.iso -report_el_torito plain -report_system_area plain as ... El Torito images : N Pltf B Emul Ld_seg Hdpt Ldsiz LBA El Torito boot img : 1 BIOS y none 0x0000 0x00 4 4285 ... System area summary: MBR isohybrid cyl-align-off GPT APM ... The "El Torito boot img" line with "BIOS" indicates bootability by legacy PC-BIOS from real or emulated optical media . The word "isohybrid" in the "System area summary" indicates that the MBR code is ready to execute the El Torito boot image for booting by legacy PC-BIOS from real or emulated hard disk or USB stick. If these initial boot lures present, then the problem is in later stages of boot software, e.g. in the ISOLINUX menu or in the initrd. > I have installed grub-pc-bin AFAIK, Debian Live uses SYSLINUX/ISOLINUX as BIOS boot equipment. The necessary binaries are in binary package "isolinux". El Torito boot image: /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isolinux.bin MBR code for using the boot image from hard disk or USB stick: /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isohdpfx.bin Have a nice day :) Thomas