After a lot of tests, I have found the culprit of this instability.
If I blacklists the radeon and amdgpu module, all works fine but the
display resolution is too low.
If I enabled again, as soon as the radeon is loaded, the machine reboots.
If I blacklist radeon and manually I modprobe radeon, the machine
reboots immediately.
I can start the machine with radeon one times of 5 with the normal mode
or one times of 2 with the maintenance mode.
After a reboot after a crash, the usb mouse does not work, but on the
second success, the usb mouse works fine. Restarting the machine after a
poweroff does never permit a success boot.
firmware-amd-graphics 20230515-3 from SID does not fix this issue.
lspci [ grep VGA
00:01.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
[AMD/ATI] Trinity 2 [Radeon HD 7480D]
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Rpnpif