I can confirm it too: after downgrading to the version from testing, both firefox and thunderbird do work again.
- Bug#949644: libsqlite3-0: Firefox immediately c... Lukas Helebrandt
- Bug#949644: libsqlite3-0: Firefox immediat... Felicia P
- Bug#949644: Note that it also breaks thund... Eric Valette
- Bug#949644: libsqlite3-0: Firefox immediat... Rastersoft
- Bug#949644: marked as done (libsqlite3-0: ... Debian Bug Tracking System
