Here is a minimal patch to add a User-Agent: header to outgoing requests. I've tested it and found that it restored location search functionality.
I don't consider it a complete fix since it doesn't make the search URI configurable.
Attempt a minimal fix for Debian #891325. Index: git/panel-plugin/weather.c =================================================================== --- git.orig/panel-plugin/weather.c 2018-02-24 17:08:19.734257691 +0100 +++ git/panel-plugin/weather.c 2018-02-24 18:04:11.807358994 +0100 @@ -1852,6 +1852,10 @@ g_object_set(data->session, SOUP_SESSION_TIMEOUT, CONN_TIMEOUT, NULL); + /* Set the user agent to something sensible */ + g_object_set(data->session, SOUP_SESSION_USER_AGENT, + PACKAGE_NAME "/" PACKAGE_VERSION " ", NULL); + /* Set the proxy URI from environment */ proxy_uri = g_getenv("HTTP_PROXY"); if (!proxy_uri)