Hi, A quick status update, downgrading this to wishlist and forwarding it upstream.
Your observation still holds in cinnamon 6.6.9: the titlebar button section only offers the button layout, and the icon size is hardcoded to 16 pixels in muffin (META_MINI_ICON_WIDTH in src/meta/common.h, used by src/ui/theme.c), scaling only with integer HiDPI scaling. The button itself — the clickable area — does come from the GTK theme's "titlebutton" CSS node, so it can be enlarged by copying a theme to ~/.themes and raising min-width/min-height there; the icon inside cannot. Making the icon size configurable is an upstream change. The same request was already made and declined in https://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon/issues/10814 ("There are currently no plans to allow changing the size with some sort of GUI option"), so I'm keeping this bug open as a wishlist item forwarded there rather than implementing anything Debian-specific.
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