Trixie has shipped now with Docker 26.1.5, not sure if it's worth closing this issue now? Would a 12.x point release consider upgrading to 28 or later or would that be too big a change? Obviously there's all the dependencies to satisfy too. If so, from my perspective happy to have this closed.
For others needing to upgrade Docker in trixie given it's not in backports either, be aware that the docker upstream repo is in the set managed by extrepo: https://packages.debian.org/trixie/extrepo https://salsa.debian.org/extrepo-team/extrepo-data/-/blob/master/repos/debian/docker.yaml
