With only gsfonts-x11, I get the same results as you for
find /usr -name fonts.alias | xargs grep -i 'helvetica-bold-r-'
and
find /usr -name fonts.dir | xargs grep -i 'urw-nimbus.*bold.*iso8859-1$'
and
dlocate n019004l.pfb
and yet
xterm -fn '-*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-180-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1'
does not work.
So there must be some *other* thing installed on your system that is not
installed on mine that is making Xlib Helvetica work. I don't know what that is.
--
Jamie Zawinski https://www.jwz.org/ https://www.dnalounge.com/