I came across this bug when using the Unison file synchroniser. I have
been able to reproduce it reliably as follows: Simply open a directory
with Thunar and then execute the following shell fragment inside the
same directory:
# while true ; do touch a ; mv a b ; rm b ; done
The Thunar window will become unresponsive almost immediately.
I can confirm that the above mentioned patch from Xfce upstream does
indeed fix the issue. The patch already seems to have been rolled out in
Ubuntu.
<https://launchpadlibrarian.net/321070348/02_fix-deadlock-in-mutex-causing-thunar-to-hang.patch>
I would strongly recommend applying this patch in the next stable point
release of Debian - it has a major effect on usability of the Xfce desktop.