I dug around a bit more and came up with a workaround.
In _get_image_surface() in cairo-xlib-surface.c the code commented
"XXX This can't work." is getting used. (Not a confidence-inspiring
comment :-).
It looks like the func _cairo_image_surface_create_with_masks() ends
up putting depth==0 in cairo_image_surface_t. Still dunno if that's
normal, but it seems to get through to the XPutImage and the server
doesn't like it.
As a workaround I changed the code earlier in _get_image_surface()
from
masks.alpha_mask = 0;
to
masks.alpha_mask = 0xff;
This is a dirty hack, I guess it hard-codes 8-bit greyscale or
something. But it has the effect of making the test
if (_CAIRO_MASK_FORMAT (&masks, &format))
succeed, and the code under that leg using
cairo_image_surface_create_for_data() ends up giving depth==8, which
the server likes. It makes all the problems I reported go away.
So my guess would be there's something dodgy in the code when an 8-bit
pseudocolor visual is in use, I'd imagine the problems should show up
for anyone with that.
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