Just a quick update: I've upgraded back to xserver-xorg-core-1.12.3-1 and played around with this stuff. Turns out a different trackball (Kensington Orbit) CAN scroll vertically. So I copied the configuration for the Kensington Orbit and changed the Identifier and MatchUSBID to the values for the Kensington SlimBlade. No luck though.
My guess is that those trackballs use different drivers, protocols or sth. like that. Can you give me any hints on how to narrow this down? I have attached the outputs from xinput list-props for both devices - I can't spot any significant differences (orbit does scroll correctly - slimblade does not).
Device 'Kensington Kensington Slimblade Trackball': Device Enabled (132): 1 Coordinate Transformation Matrix (134): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000 Device Accel Profile (256): 0 Device Accel Constant Deceleration (257): 1.000000 Device Accel Adaptive Deceleration (258): 1.000000 Device Accel Velocity Scaling (259): 10.000000 Device Product ID (252): 1149, 8257 Device Node (253): "/dev/input/event3" Evdev Axis Inversion (260): 0, 0 Evdev Axes Swap (262): 0 Axis Labels (263): "Rel X" (142), "Rel Y" (143), "Rel Vert Wheel" (278) Button Labels (264): "Button Left" (135), "Button Middle" (136), "Button Right" (137), "Button Wheel Up" (138), "Button Wheel Down" (139), "Button Horiz Wheel Left" (140), "Button Horiz Wheel Right" (141), "Button Side" (277), "Button Unknown" (255), "Button Unknown" (255), "Button Unknown" (255), "Button Unknown" (255) Evdev Middle Button Emulation (265): 0 Evdev Middle Button Timeout (266): 50 Evdev Third Button Emulation (267): 0 Evdev Third Button Emulation Timeout (268): 1000 Evdev Third Button Emulation Button (269): 3 Evdev Third Button Emulation Threshold (270): 20 Evdev Wheel Emulation (271): 1 Evdev Wheel Emulation Axes (272): 6, 7, 4, 5 Evdev Wheel Emulation Inertia (273): 10 Evdev Wheel Emulation Timeout (274): 200 Evdev Wheel Emulation Button (275): 3 Evdev Drag Lock Buttons (276): 0
Device 'Kensington Kensington USB/PS2 Orbit': Device Enabled (132): 1 Coordinate Transformation Matrix (134): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000 Device Accel Profile (256): 0 Device Accel Constant Deceleration (257): 1.000000 Device Accel Adaptive Deceleration (258): 1.000000 Device Accel Velocity Scaling (259): 10.000000 Device Product ID (252): 1149, 4130 Device Node (253): "/dev/input/event6" Evdev Axis Inversion (260): 0, 0 Evdev Axes Swap (262): 0 Axis Labels (263): "Rel X" (142), "Rel Y" (143) Button Labels (264): "Button Left" (135), "Button Unknown" (255), "Button Right" (137), "Button Wheel Up" (138), "Button Wheel Down" (139), "Button Horiz Wheel Left" (140), "Button Horiz Wheel Right" (141) Evdev Middle Button Emulation (265): 1 Evdev Middle Button Timeout (266): 50 Evdev Third Button Emulation (267): 0 Evdev Third Button Emulation Timeout (268): 1000 Evdev Third Button Emulation Button (269): 3 Evdev Third Button Emulation Threshold (270): 20 Evdev Wheel Emulation (271): 1 Evdev Wheel Emulation Axes (272): 6, 7, 4, 5 Evdev Wheel Emulation Inertia (273): 10 Evdev Wheel Emulation Timeout (274): 200 Evdev Wheel Emulation Button (275): 3 Evdev Drag Lock Buttons (276): 0