Hello,
I have two questions when studying Step-18. 

1) Should there be a factor 1/2 when calculating the rotation matrix angle 
(code in tutorial: angle 
<https://www.dealii.org/current/doxygen/deal.II/grid__tools__nontemplates_8cc.html#a1b9d6e95246f7a6b7ecc7430631dd0b6>
 
= std::atan 
<https://www.dealii.org/current/doxygen/deal.II/namespaceDifferentiation_1_1SD.html#a803fcea270d7a523a91e3b7c173059f9>(curl)
 
) ? This is a mathematical problem. Can anyone give some material for the 
formula to clear out my doubt?

2) In the introduction, it says "we will consider a model in which we 
produce *a small deformation*, deform the physical coordinates of the body 
by this deformation, and then consider the next loading step again as a 
linear problem. *This isn't consistent*, since the assumption of *linearity 
*implies that *deformations are infinitesimal* and so moving around the 
vertices of our mesh by *a finite amount* before solving the next linear 
problem is an inconsistent approach." My question is how to make it 
consistent. Can I just add the nonlinear part of the strain tensor like the 
following (of course in both get_strain functions)? I just want to consider 
the geometrical nonlinearity.

  template <int dim>
  inline SymmetricTensor<2, dim>
  *get_strain*(const std::vector<Tensor<1, dim>> &grad)
  {
    Assert(grad.size() == dim, ExcInternalError());

    SymmetricTensor<2, dim> strain;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dim; ++i)
      strain[i][i] = grad[i][i];

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dim; ++i)
      for (unsigned int j = i + 1; j < dim; ++j)
        strain[i][j] = (grad[i][j] + grad[j][i] *+ *      // linear part
                              *grad[i][0] * grad[j][0]* *+    //nonlinear 
part*
*                              grad[i][1] * grad[j][1] +   *
*                              grad[i][2] * grad[j][2]*) / 2;

    return strain;
  }

Thanks,
Michael

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