>
> [Daniel reports that his answers get blocked, so I'll post for him here, 
> omitting pictures.]


Hi Wolfgang,

I calculated the eigenvalues and the condition number. It seems that
it is ok to collapse one vertex and transform the quad into a
triangle.

Interestingly, applying the constraints with AffineConstraint does not
change the condition number. Even if I fix all the dofs with
add_line() the condition number doesn't change.

I collapsed one vertex in a 3D simulation with NedelecSZ and the
solution and the condition number are ok. I have to do more tests with
NelelecSZ.

In the simple simulation from step-6. I collapse one vertex and then
if I move another vertex and transform the quad into a line the
surface becomes very small and the condition number becomes very
large. Note that I didn't completely squeeze the quad into a line. If
the surface is zero, then as expected the simulation breaks.

This means that it is ok to collapse a vertex as long as the
surface/volume does not become too small?
According to this publication it is ok to collapse 
verticeshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705814016713

Enclosed you can find my program and the python script to analyze the data.
To run it: ./collapse_vertex>matrix.txt

You can also find enclosed the meshes. I added the condition number in
the image for each mesh.

Below you can find the detailed results :

- Original grid:
* surface_ratio = 1
* eigenvalues = [  0.666667     0.666667     0.666667     0.666667
1.17200912   1.33333
   1.33333      1.33333      1.33333      1.33333      1.33333      1.33333
   1.33333      1.33333      1.33333      1.33333      1.33333      9.13881996
   9.13881996   9.42425     12.79450083  21.95213004  21.95213004  31.83336
  58.59408006]
* condition_number = 80

- Collapse vertex a
* surface_ratio = 0.5
* eigenvalues = [   0.666667      0.666667      0.666667      0.666667
     1.17122833
    1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33333
    1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33333
    1.33333       1.33333       8.92744864   10.04655013   12.5454928
   13.98137723   20.47958898   31.17725707   45.95448961  185.24586722]
* condition_number = 3e+02

- Collapse vertex a, move vertex b
* surface_ratio = 0.1
* eigenvalues = [   0.666667      0.666667      0.666667      0.666667
     1.16902972
    1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33333
    1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33333       1.33939
    1.52754       1.5336        5.11586123   10.46272767   12.09280555
   14.54544349   22.42497592   31.57412136   50.19072911  264.78640594]
* condition_number = 4e+02

-Collapse vertex a, almost collapse vertex b
* surface_ratio = 1e-8
* eigenvalues = [  6.66667000e-01   6.66667000e-01   6.66667000e-01
6.66667000e-01
   1.21307648e+00   1.33333000e+00   1.33333000e+00   1.33333000e+00
   1.33333000e+00   1.33333000e+00   1.33333000e+00   1.33333000e+00
   1.33333000e+00   1.33333000e+00   1.35897000e+00   1.66666000e+00
   1.69231000e+00   8.83186491e+00   1.10689839e+01   1.37682911e+01
   1.98164659e+01   2.84090528e+01   4.79480606e+01   2.92923117e+05
   1.70718688e+06]
* condition_number = 3e+06

Best, 

Dani 

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