Hi Derek,

Derek Pagel via Cygwin wrote:
We've had problems with slow Cygwin commands, so we were able to capture a 
stack trace when the 'cp' program taking a long time to complete, and we 
noticed in the stack trace that the last thing cygwin1.dll does is calls 
assert. What might that suggest? And are there any situations that would cause 
an error on initialization?

This report is not specific enough to investigate at the moment. Do all commands run slow? If not, which commands run slowly? Has the problem manifested recently or has it always been the case? More below...

Stack Trace:
Child cmd.exe -> cp.exe -> cmd.exe -> cp.exe:

How exactly are you running Cygwin commands? From a Command Prompt or a bash shell, for instance? And how do you get the process tree you are indicating? What is the 'cp' command doing? Paste the text of the command, please.

ntoskrnl.exe!KeSynchronizeExecution+0x5a36
ntoskrnl.exe!KeWaitForMutexObject+0x1c27
ntoskrnl.exe!KeWaitForMutexObject+0x1799
ntoskrnl.exe!KeWaitForMutexObject+0x520
ntoskrnl.exe!IoQueueWorkItemEx+0x1a4
ntoskrnl.exe!RtlInitializeSid+0x40d5
ntoskrnl.exe!FsRtlRegisterFltMgrCalls+0x84225
ntoskrnl.exe!SeSetSecurityDescriptorInfo+0x269e
ntoskrnl.exe!SeSetSecurityDescriptorInfo+0x2476
ntoskrnl.exe!SeSetSecurityDescriptorInfo+0x2f05
ntoskrnl.exe!SeSetSecurityDescriptorInfo+0x2af8
ntoskrnl.exe!setjmpex+0x7925
ntdll.dll!ZwQueryObject+0x14
cygwin1.dll!dlfork+0xa0
cygwin1.dll!dlfork+0x24d3
cygwin1.dll!dlfork+0x2a9f
cygwin1.dll!cygwin_dll_init+0x38f
cygwin1.dll!_assert+0x41f6
cygwin1.dll!_assert+0x42a4

Windows tools won't show full Cygwin debug info. "_assert" in the above just happens to be the nearest global symbol below the actual address. To get the actual address in a meaningful fashion, install the cygwin-debuginfo package, then run
    gdb -q /usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/cygwin1.dll.dbg
    info line __assert+0x42a4
(Note the change in symbol name: two "_" there)
This should work, but this is likely the wrong way to investigate the problem.

..mark

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