Take this with a grain of salt, since I am a novice, but my understanding
of the distinction is this: violating the ko rule flows from an incorrect
decision made by the player; playing a stone of the wrong color from external
mishap - the stone should not have been in the player's bowl. Usually one spots
such a mishap and hands the stone to the opponent, but it's possible to be so
focused on the board that one doesn't actually look at the stone itself until
it
has been placed. Hence the two different levels of penalty.
Now, for a computer program, there are no such mitigating circumstances;
if a white stone appears where a black stone ought to be, that's a bug; best to
stomp on it before it wreaks more havoc.
From: Nick Wedd <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>In serious tournament go the convention is that you lose immediately.
>
>(I haven't heard of a case of someone playing a stone of the wrong
colour in
>such a tournament, but certainly playing a move forbidden by the ko
rule
>forfeits the game).
It may depend what you mean by "serious tournament".
In one of the British Championship Match games, a bit over ten years
ago, Zhang Shutai made an illegal ko move against Matthew Macfadyen,
and
immediately conceded that he had lost the game.
In the "Candidates' Tournament", a preliminary round for the British
Championship, last year. I observed a player play a stone of the wrong
colour. The players had no doubt about the correct action: the stone
was removed from the board and replaced by one of the correct colour.
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