zjncs opened a new pull request, #11017:
URL: https://github.com/apache/rocketmq/pull/11017

   ## Which Issue(s) This PR Fixes
   
   Fixes #10989
   
   ## Brief Description
   
   Java's `^` operator performs bitwise XOR, not exponentiation. The 
transactional half-message escape retry path therefore used incorrect delays 
(including a 0 ms delay on the second failure), causing immediate retries 
instead of exponential backoff.
   
   This change uses a bounded left shift to produce the intended sequence: 200, 
400, 800 ms, and so on.
   
   ## How Did You Test This Change?
   
   - Base SHA: `$(git rev-parse develop)`
   - Reproduced the faulty expression from current `develop`: `100L * (2 ^ 2) 
== 0`.
   - Verified the replacement with JShell on JDK 24: retry counts 1..3 produce 
`200`, `400`, `800` ms.
   - `git diff --check` passed.
   - Maven is not installed in this environment, so the RocketMQ test suite 
could not be run; CI should execute the required Maven checks.
   
   ## Risk
   
   Low; this changes only retry timing for the existing escape-failure path and 
removes the unintended zero-delay retry.
   
   AI-assisted contribution; implementation and verification performed against 
current `develop`.


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