danny0405 commented on code in PR #19402:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/19402#discussion_r3670917224


##########
hudi-flink-datasource/hudi-flink/src/test/java/org/apache/hudi/table/format/cdc/TestCdcImageManager.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.table.format.cdc;
+
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.FileSlice;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieFileGroupId;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.ClosableIterator;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.ExternalSpillableMap;
+import org.apache.hudi.config.HoodieWriteConfig;
+import org.apache.hudi.table.format.FormatUtils;
+
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.GenericRowData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.RowData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.StringData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.LogicalType;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.RowType;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.VarCharType;
+import org.apache.flink.types.RowKind;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockito.MockedStatic;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mockStatic;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+/**
+ * Tests {@link CdcImageManager}.
+ */
+class TestCdcImageManager {
+
+  @Test
+  void testImageRecordLifecycle() {
+    HoodieWriteConfig writeConfig = mock(HoodieWriteConfig.class);
+    CdcImageManager imageManager = new CdcImageManager(
+        rowType("value"),
+        writeConfig,
+        split -> {
+          throw new AssertionError("No split should be loaded by this test");
+        });
+    ExternalSpillableMap<String, byte[]> imageCache = mockImageCache();
+
+    GenericRowData original = 
GenericRowData.of(StringData.fromString("before"));
+    imageManager.updateImageRecord("key-1", imageCache, original);
+
+    RowData image = imageManager.getImageRecord("key-1", imageCache, 
RowKind.UPDATE_BEFORE);
+    assertEquals(RowKind.UPDATE_BEFORE, image.getRowKind());
+    assertEquals("before", image.getString(0).toString());
+
+    RowData removed = imageManager.removeImageRecord("key-1", imageCache);
+    assertEquals("before", removed.getString(0).toString());
+    assertNull(imageManager.removeImageRecord("key-1", imageCache));
+    assertThrows(
+        IllegalStateException.class,
+        () -> imageManager.getImageRecord("missing", imageCache, 
RowKind.DELETE));
+    assertSame(writeConfig, imageManager.getWriteConfig());
+
+    imageManager.close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testDataViewAdapters() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    CdcImageManager.BytesArrayOutputView outputView =
+        new CdcImageManager.BytesArrayOutputView(outputStream);
+    outputView.writeByte(7);
+    outputView.skipBytesToWrite(2);
+    outputView.write(new CdcImageManager.BytesArrayInputView(new byte[] {8, 
9}), 2);
+    outputView.flush();
+
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[] {7, 0, 0, 8, 9}, outputStream.toByteArray());
+
+    CdcImageManager.BytesArrayInputView inputView =
+        new CdcImageManager.BytesArrayInputView(outputStream.toByteArray());
+    inputView.skipBytesToRead(3);

Review Comment:
   [P1] Please cover skipping past EOF here. 
`BytesArrayInputView.skipBytesToRead()` loops while bytes remain but subtracts 
the return value of `DataInputStream.skipBytes()`; at EOF that value is `0`, so 
truncated/corrupt image bytes hang the reader thread forever. Add an 
out-of-bounds test and make the implementation throw `EOFException` when no 
progress is possible.



##########
hudi-flink-datasource/hudi-flink/src/test/java/org/apache/hudi/table/format/cdc/TestCdcIterators.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.table.format.cdc;
+
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.FileSlice;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieBaseFile;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieLogFile;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.cdc.HoodieCDCFileSplit;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.cdc.HoodieCDCInferenceCase;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.ClosableIterator;
+import org.apache.hudi.storage.StoragePath;
+import org.apache.hudi.table.format.mor.MergeOnReadInputSplit;
+
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.GenericRowData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.RowData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.data.StringData;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.LogicalType;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.RowType;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.VarCharType;
+import org.apache.flink.types.RowKind;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+/**
+ * Tests the lightweight iterator composition in {@link CdcIterators}.
+ */
+class TestCdcIterators {
+
+  @Test
+  void testAddBaseFileIteratorSetsInsertKindAndClosesNestedIterator() {
+    GenericRowData row = GenericRowData.of(StringData.fromString("value"));
+    ClosableIterator<RowData> nested = mockIterator();
+    when(nested.hasNext()).thenReturn(true, false);
+    when(nested.next()).thenReturn(row);
+
+    CdcIterators.AddBaseFileIterator iterator =
+        new CdcIterators.AddBaseFileIterator(nested);
+    assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+    assertSame(row, iterator.next());
+    assertEquals(RowKind.INSERT, row.getRowKind());
+    assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+
+    iterator.close();
+    verify(nested).close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testRemoveBaseFileIteratorProjectsAndSetsDeleteKind() {
+    GenericRowData row = GenericRowData.of(
+        StringData.fromString("ignored"), StringData.fromString("selected"));
+    ClosableIterator<RowData> nested = mockIterator();
+    when(nested.hasNext()).thenReturn(true);
+    when(nested.next()).thenReturn(row);
+
+    CdcIterators.RemoveBaseFileIterator iterator =
+        new CdcIterators.RemoveBaseFileIterator(
+            rowType("selected"),
+            new int[] {1},
+            nested);
+    assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+    RowData projected = iterator.next();
+    assertEquals(RowKind.DELETE, projected.getRowKind());
+    assertEquals("selected", projected.getString(0).toString());
+
+    iterator.close();
+    verify(nested).close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testCdcFileSplitsIteratorMovesAcrossEmptySplitsAndClosesResources() {
+    HoodieCDCFileSplit first = new HoodieCDCFileSplit(
+        "001", HoodieCDCInferenceCase.BASE_FILE_INSERT, "first.parquet");
+    HoodieCDCFileSplit second = new HoodieCDCFileSplit(
+        "002", HoodieCDCInferenceCase.BASE_FILE_INSERT, "second.parquet");
+    ClosableIterator<RowData> firstIterator = mockIterator();
+    ClosableIterator<RowData> secondIterator = mockIterator();
+    GenericRowData row = GenericRowData.of(StringData.fromString("row"));
+    when(firstIterator.hasNext()).thenReturn(false);
+    when(secondIterator.hasNext()).thenReturn(true, false);
+    when(secondIterator.next()).thenReturn(row);
+    CdcImageManager imageManager = mock(CdcImageManager.class);
+
+    CdcIterators.CdcFileSplitsIterator iterator =
+        new CdcIterators.CdcFileSplitsIterator(
+            new HoodieCDCFileSplit[] {first, second},
+            imageManager,
+            split -> split == first ? firstIterator : secondIterator);
+
+    assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());

Review Comment:
   [P1] This assertion codifies a data-loss bug. Once `Iterator.hasNext()` 
returns `false`, normal callers stop; they will never make the second call 
required here, so a non-empty CDC split following an empty split is silently 
skipped. `CdcFileSplitsIterator.hasNext()` should close and advance through 
empty child iterators in a loop until it finds a row or exhausts every file 
split, and this first assertion should be `assertTrue`.



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