gianm commented on code in PR #19370:
URL: https://github.com/apache/druid/pull/19370#discussion_r3172233591


##########
sql/src/main/java/org/apache/druid/sql/calcite/rule/DruidStripUnionArmCastRule.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.rule;
+
+import org.apache.calcite.plan.RelOptRule;
+import org.apache.calcite.plan.RelOptRuleCall;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.RelNode;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.core.Project;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.core.TableScan;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.core.Union;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.logical.LogicalProject;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.rules.SubstitutionRule;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataType;
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexCall;
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexInputRef;
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexNode;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlKind;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.type.SqlTypeUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Strips numeric-to-numeric {@code CAST} expressions so {@link 
DruidUnionDataSourceRule} is able
+ * to generate unions in more plans.
+ *
+ * <p>Example: for {@code SELECT dim1, dim2, m1 FROM foo2 UNION ALL SELECT 
dim1, dim2, m1 FROM foo}
+ * where {@code foo2.m1} is {@code BIGINT} and {@code foo.m1} is {@code 
FLOAT}, Calcite produces:
+ * <pre>
+ *   LogicalUnion(all=[true])
+ *     LogicalProject(dim1=[$1], dim2=[$2], m1=[CAST($5):FLOAT])
+ *       LogicalTableScan(table=[[druid, foo2]])
+ *     LogicalProject(dim1=[$1], dim2=[$2], m1=[$5])
+ *       LogicalTableScan(table=[[druid, foo]])
+ * </pre>
+ * This rule rewrites it to:
+ * <pre>
+ *   LogicalUnion(all=[true])
+ *     LogicalProject(dim1=[$1], dim2=[$2], m1=[$5])  // CAST stripped
+ *       LogicalTableScan(table=[[druid, foo2]])
+ *     LogicalProject(dim1=[$1], dim2=[$2], m1=[$5])
+ *       LogicalTableScan(table=[[druid, foo]])
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>See {@code union_datasource.iq} for test cases that fail without this 
rule.
+ */
+public class DruidStripUnionArmCastRule extends RelOptRule implements 
SubstitutionRule
+{
+  private static final DruidStripUnionArmCastRule INSTANCE = new 
DruidStripUnionArmCastRule();
+
+  private DruidStripUnionArmCastRule()
+  {
+    super(operand(Union.class, any()));
+  }
+
+  public static DruidStripUnionArmCastRule instance()
+  {
+    return INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onMatch(final RelOptRuleCall call)
+  {
+    final Union union = call.rel(0);
+    final List<RelNode> newInputs = new ArrayList<>(union.getInputs().size());
+    boolean anyChanged = false;
+    for (final RelNode input : union.getInputs()) {
+      final RelNode arm = input.stripped();

Review Comment:
   This is true, although this relative looseness with table-level `UNION ALL` 
types happened prior to this PR too. This rule is about restoring the 
pre-Calcite-1.4.1 behavior, which is required for `UNION ALL` to work in the 
face of small schema differences. Generally it isn't a problem, since either an 
aggregator, expression, or result coercion would be applied to the data coming 
out of a `UNION ALL`, which would harmonize the types.



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