gaodayue commented on a change in pull request #2772: Support 64 bits integers 
for BITMAP type
URL: https://github.com/apache/incubator-doris/pull/2772#discussion_r367763370
 
 

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 File path: be/src/util/bitmap_value.h
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 @@ -0,0 +1,1243 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#ifndef DORIS_BE_SRC_UTIL_BITMAP_VALUE_H
+#define DORIS_BE_SRC_UTIL_BITMAP_VALUE_H
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <new>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <roaring/roaring.hh>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "util/coding.h"
+
+namespace doris {
+
+class Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator;
+
+// serialized bitmap := TypeCode(1), Payload
+// The format of payload depends on value of TypeCode which is defined below
+struct BitmapTypeCode {
+    enum type {
+        // An empty bitmap. Payload is 0 byte.
+        // added in 0.11
+        EMPTY = 0,
+        // A bitmap containing only one element that is in [0, UINT32_MAX]
+        // Payload := UInt32LittleEndian(4 byte)
+        // added in 0.11
+        SINGLE32 = 1,
+        // A bitmap whose maximum element is in [0, UINT32_MAX]
+        // Payload := the standard RoaringBitmap format described by
+        // https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/RoaringFormatSpec/
+        // added in 0.11
+        BITMAP32 = 2,
+        // A bitmap containing only one element that is in (UINT32_MAX, 
UINT64_MAX]
+        // Payload := UInt64LittleEndian(8 byte)
+        // added in 0.12
+        SINGLE64 = 3,
+        // A bitmap whose maximum element is in (UINT32_MAX, UINT64_MAX].
+        //
+        // To support 64-bits elements, all elements with the same high 32 
bits are stored in a
+        // RoaringBitmap containing only the lower 32 bits. Thus we could use
+        // map<uint32_t, RoaringBitmap> to represent bitmap of 64-bits ints.
+        //
+        // Since there is no standard format for 64-bits RoaringBitmap, we 
define our own as below
+        // Payload := NumRoaring(vint64), { MapKey, MapValue }^NumRoaring
+        // - MapKey := the shared high 32 bits in UInt32LittleEndian(4 byte)
+        // - MapValue := the standard RoaringBitmap format
+        //
+        // added in 0.12
+        BITMAP64 = 4
+    };
+};
+
+// Forked from 
https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/CRoaring/blob/v0.2.60/cpp/roaring64map.hh
+// What we change includes
+// - a custom serialization format is used inside 
read()/write()/getSizeInBytes()
+// - added clear() and is32BitsEnough()
+class Roaring64Map {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Create an empty bitmap
+     */
+    Roaring64Map() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a bitmap from a list of 32-bit integer values.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map(size_t n, const uint32_t* data) { addMany(n, data); }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a bitmap from a list of 64-bit integer values.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map(size_t n, const uint64_t* data) { addMany(n, data); }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a 64-bit map from a 32-bit one
+     */
+    Roaring64Map(const Roaring& r) { emplaceOrInsert(0, r); }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a roaring object from the C struct.
+     *
+     * Passing a NULL point is unsafe.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map(roaring_bitmap_t* s) { emplaceOrInsert(0, s); }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a bitmap from a list of integer values.
+     */
+    static Roaring64Map bitmapOf(size_t n...) {
+        Roaring64Map ans;
+        va_list vl;
+        va_start(vl, n);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            ans.add(va_arg(vl, uint64_t));
+        }
+        va_end(vl);
+        return ans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add value x
+     *
+     */
+    void add(uint32_t x) {
+        roarings[0].add(x);
+        roarings[0].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+    }
+    void add(uint64_t x) {
+        roarings[highBytes(x)].add(lowBytes(x));
+        roarings[highBytes(x)].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add value x
+     * Returns true if a new value was added, false if the value was already 
existing.
+     */
+    bool addChecked(uint32_t x) {
+        bool result = roarings[0].addChecked(x);
+        roarings[0].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+        return result;
+    }
+    bool addChecked(uint64_t x) {
+        bool result = roarings[highBytes(x)].addChecked(lowBytes(x));
+        roarings[highBytes(x)].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add value n_args from pointer vals
+     *
+     */
+    void addMany(size_t n_args, const uint32_t* vals) {
+        for (size_t lcv = 0; lcv < n_args; lcv++) {
+            roarings[0].add(vals[lcv]);
+            roarings[0].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+        }
+    }
+    void addMany(size_t n_args, const uint64_t* vals) {
+        for (size_t lcv = 0; lcv < n_args; lcv++) {
+            roarings[highBytes(vals[lcv])].add(lowBytes(vals[lcv]));
+            roarings[highBytes(vals[lcv])].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove value x
+     *
+     */
+    void remove(uint32_t x) { roarings[0].remove(x); }
+    void remove(uint64_t x) {
+        auto roaring_iter = roarings.find(highBytes(x));
+        if (roaring_iter != roarings.cend()) 
roaring_iter->second.remove(lowBytes(x));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove value x
+     * Returns true if a new value was removed, false if the value was not 
existing.
+     */
+    bool removeChecked(uint32_t x) { return roarings[0].removeChecked(x); }
+    bool removeChecked(uint64_t x) {
+        auto roaring_iter = roarings.find(highBytes(x));
+        if (roaring_iter != roarings.cend()) return 
roaring_iter->second.removeChecked(lowBytes(x));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the largest value (if not empty)
+     *
+     */
+    uint64_t maximum() const {
+        for (auto roaring_iter = roarings.crbegin(); roaring_iter != 
roarings.crend();
+             ++roaring_iter) {
+            if (!roaring_iter->second.isEmpty()) {
+                return uniteBytes(roaring_iter->first, 
roaring_iter->second.maximum());
+            }
+        }
+        // we put std::numeric_limits<>::max/min in parenthesis
+        // to avoid a clash with the Windows.h header under Windows
+        return (std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::min)();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the smallest value (if not empty)
+     *
+     */
+    uint64_t minimum() const {
+        for (auto roaring_iter = roarings.cbegin(); roaring_iter != 
roarings.cend();
+             ++roaring_iter) {
+            if (!roaring_iter->second.isEmpty()) {
+                return uniteBytes(roaring_iter->first, 
roaring_iter->second.minimum());
+            }
+        }
+        // we put std::numeric_limits<>::max/min in parenthesis
+        // to avoid a clash with the Windows.h header under Windows
+        return (std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max)();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if value x is present
+     */
+    bool contains(uint32_t x) const {
+        return roarings.count(0) == 0 ? false : roarings.at(0).contains(x);
+    }
+    bool contains(uint64_t x) const {
+        return roarings.count(highBytes(x)) == 0 ? false
+                                                 : 
roarings.at(highBytes(x)).contains(lowBytes(x));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the intersection between the current bitmap and the provided
+     * bitmap,
+     * writing the result in the current bitmap. The provided bitmap is not
+     * modified.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map& operator&=(const Roaring64Map& r) {
+        for (auto& map_entry : roarings) {
+            if (r.roarings.count(map_entry.first) == 1)
+                map_entry.second &= r.roarings.at(map_entry.first);
+            else
+                map_entry.second = Roaring();
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the difference between the current bitmap and the provided
+     * bitmap,
+     * writing the result in the current bitmap. The provided bitmap is not
+     * modified.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map& operator-=(const Roaring64Map& r) {
+        for (auto& map_entry : roarings) {
+            if (r.roarings.count(map_entry.first) == 1)
+                map_entry.second -= r.roarings.at(map_entry.first);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the union between the current bitmap and the provided bitmap,
+     * writing the result in the current bitmap. The provided bitmap is not
+     * modified.
+     *
+     * See also the fastunion function to aggregate many bitmaps more quickly.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map& operator|=(const Roaring64Map& r) {
+        for (const auto& map_entry : r.roarings) {
+            if (roarings.count(map_entry.first) == 0) {
+                roarings[map_entry.first] = map_entry.second;
+                roarings[map_entry.first].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+            } else
+                roarings[map_entry.first] |= map_entry.second;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the symmetric union between the current bitmap and the provided
+     * bitmap,
+     * writing the result in the current bitmap. The provided bitmap is not
+     * modified.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map& operator^=(const Roaring64Map& r) {
+        for (const auto& map_entry : r.roarings) {
+            if (roarings.count(map_entry.first) == 0) {
+                roarings[map_entry.first] = map_entry.second;
+                roarings[map_entry.first].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+            } else
+                roarings[map_entry.first] ^= map_entry.second;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exchange the content of this bitmap with another.
+     */
+    void swap(Roaring64Map& r) { roarings.swap(r.roarings); }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the cardinality of the bitmap (number of elements).
+     * Throws std::length_error in the special case where the bitmap is full
+     * (cardinality() == 2^64). Check isFull() before calling to avoid
+     * exception.
+     */
+    uint64_t cardinality() const {
+        if (isFull()) {
+            throw std::length_error(
+                    "bitmap is full, cardinality is 2^64, "
+                    "unable to represent in a 64-bit integer");
+        }
+        return std::accumulate(
+                roarings.cbegin(), roarings.cend(), (uint64_t)0,
+                [](uint64_t previous, const std::pair<uint32_t, Roaring>& 
map_entry) {
+                    return previous + map_entry.second.cardinality();
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Returns true if the bitmap is empty (cardinality is zero).
+    */
+    bool isEmpty() const {
+        return std::all_of(roarings.cbegin(), roarings.cend(),
+                           [](const std::pair<uint32_t, Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                               return map_entry.second.isEmpty();
+                           });
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Returns true if the bitmap is full (cardinality is max uint64_t + 1).
+    */
+    bool isFull() const {
+        // only bother to check if map is fully saturated
+        //
+        // we put std::numeric_limits<>::max/min in parenthesis
+        // to avoid a clash with the Windows.h header under Windows
+        return roarings.size() == 
((size_t)(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)()) + 1
+                       ? std::all_of(roarings.cbegin(), roarings.cend(),
+                                     [](const std::pair<uint32_t, Roaring>& 
roaring_map_entry) {
+                                         // roarings within map are saturated 
if cardinality
+                                         // is uint32_t max + 1
+                                         return 
roaring_map_entry.second.cardinality() ==
+                                                
((uint64_t)(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)()) +
+                                                        1;
+                                     })
+                       : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Returns true if the bitmap is subset of the other.
+    */
+    bool isSubset(const Roaring64Map& r) const {
+        for (const auto& map_entry : roarings) {
+            auto roaring_iter = r.roarings.find(map_entry.first);
+            if (roaring_iter == roarings.cend())
+                return false;
+            else if (!map_entry.second.isSubset(roaring_iter->second))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Returns true if the bitmap is strict subset of the other.
+    * Throws std::length_error in the special case where the bitmap is full
+    * (cardinality() == 2^64). Check isFull() before calling to avoid 
exception.
+    */
+    bool isStrictSubset(const Roaring64Map& r) const {
+        return isSubset(r) && cardinality() != r.cardinality();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the bitmap to an array. Write the output to "ans",
+     * caller is responsible to ensure that there is enough memory
+     * allocated
+     * (e.g., ans = new uint32[mybitmap.cardinality()];)
+     */
+    void toUint64Array(uint64_t* ans) const {
+        // Annoyingly, VS 2017 marks std::accumulate() as [[nodiscard]]
+        (void)std::accumulate(
+                roarings.cbegin(), roarings.cend(), ans,
+                [](uint64_t* previous, const std::pair<uint32_t, Roaring>& 
map_entry) {
+                    for (uint32_t low_bits : map_entry.second)
+                        *previous++ = uniteBytes(map_entry.first, low_bits);
+                    return previous;
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if the two bitmaps contain the same elements.
+     */
+    bool operator==(const Roaring64Map& r) const {
+        // we cannot use operator == on the map because either side may contain
+        // empty Roaring Bitmaps
+        auto lhs_iter = roarings.cbegin();
+        auto rhs_iter = r.roarings.cbegin();
+        do {
+            // if the left map has reached its end, ensure that the right map
+            // contains only empty Bitmaps
+            if (lhs_iter == roarings.cend()) {
+                while (rhs_iter != r.roarings.cend()) {
+                    if (rhs_iter->second.isEmpty()) {
+                        ++rhs_iter;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            // if the left map has an empty bitmap, skip it
+            if (lhs_iter->second.isEmpty()) {
+                ++lhs_iter;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            do {
+                // if the right map has reached its end, ensure that the right
+                // map contains only empty Bitmaps
+                if (rhs_iter == r.roarings.cend()) {
+                    while (lhs_iter != roarings.cend()) {
+                        if (lhs_iter->second.isEmpty()) {
+                            ++lhs_iter;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+                // if the right map has an empty bitmap, skip it
+                if (rhs_iter->second.isEmpty()) {
+                    ++rhs_iter;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            } while (false);
+            // if neither map has reached its end ensure elements are equal and
+            // move to the next element in both
+        } while (lhs_iter++->second == rhs_iter++->second);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * compute the negation of the roaring bitmap within a specified interval.
+     * areas outside the range are passed through unchanged.
+     */
+    void flip(uint64_t range_start, uint64_t range_end) {
+        uint32_t start_high = highBytes(range_start);
+        uint32_t start_low = lowBytes(range_start);
+        uint32_t end_high = highBytes(range_end);
+        uint32_t end_low = lowBytes(range_end);
+
+        if (start_high == end_high) {
+            roarings[start_high].flip(start_low, end_low);
+            return;
+        }
+        // we put std::numeric_limits<>::max/min in parenthesis
+        // to avoid a clash with the Windows.h header under Windows
+        roarings[start_high].flip(start_low, 
(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)());
+        roarings[start_high++].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+
+        for (; start_high <= highBytes(range_end) - 1; ++start_high) {
+            roarings[start_high].flip((std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::min)(),
+                                      (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)());
+            roarings[start_high].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+        }
+
+        roarings[start_high].flip((std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::min)(), 
end_low);
+        roarings[start_high].setCopyOnWrite(copyOnWrite);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Remove run-length encoding even when it is more space efficient
+     *  return whether a change was applied
+     */
+    bool removeRunCompression() {
+        return std::accumulate(roarings.begin(), roarings.end(), false,
+                               [](bool previous, std::pair<const uint32_t, 
Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                                   return 
map_entry.second.removeRunCompression() && previous;
+                               });
+    }
+
+    /** convert array and bitmap containers to run containers when it is more
+     * efficient;
+     * also convert from run containers when more space efficient.  Returns
+     * true if the result has at least one run container.
+     * Additional savings might be possible by calling shrinkToFit().
+     */
+    bool runOptimize() {
+        return std::accumulate(roarings.begin(), roarings.end(), false,
+                               [](bool previous, std::pair<const uint32_t, 
Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                                   return map_entry.second.runOptimize() && 
previous;
+                               });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If needed, reallocate memory to shrink the memory usage. Returns
+     * the number of bytes saved.
+    */
+    size_t shrinkToFit() {
+        size_t savedBytes = 0;
+        auto iter = roarings.begin();
+        while (iter != roarings.cend()) {
+            if (iter->second.isEmpty()) {
+                // empty Roarings are 84 bytes
+                savedBytes += 88;
+                roarings.erase(iter++);
+            } else {
+                savedBytes += iter->second.shrinkToFit();
+                iter++;
+            }
+        }
+        return savedBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterate over the bitmap elements. The function iterator is called once
+     * for all the values with ptr (can be NULL) as the second parameter of 
each
+     * call.
+     *
+     * roaring_iterator is simply a pointer to a function that returns bool
+     * (true means that the iteration should continue while false means that it
+     * should stop), and takes (uint32_t,void*) as inputs.
+     */
+    void iterate(roaring_iterator64 iterator, void* ptr) const {
+        std::for_each(roarings.begin(), roarings.cend(),
+                      [=](const std::pair<uint32_t, Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                          roaring_iterate64(&map_entry.second.roaring, 
iterator,
+                                            uint64_t(map_entry.first) << 32, 
ptr);
+                      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the size of the roaring bitmap is strictly greater than rank, then
+     this
+       function returns true and set element to the element of given rank.
+       Otherwise, it returns false.
+     */
+    bool select(uint64_t rnk, uint64_t* element) const {
+        for (const auto& map_entry : roarings) {
+            uint64_t sub_cardinality = 
(uint64_t)map_entry.second.cardinality();
+            if (rnk < sub_cardinality) {
+                *element = ((uint64_t)map_entry.first) << 32;
+                // assuming little endian
+                return map_entry.second.select((uint32_t)rnk, 
((uint32_t*)element));
+            }
+            rnk -= sub_cardinality;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Returns the number of integers that are smaller or equal to x.
+    */
+    uint64_t rank(uint64_t x) const {
+        uint64_t result = 0;
+        auto roaring_destination = roarings.find(highBytes(x));
+        if (roaring_destination != roarings.cend()) {
+            for (auto roaring_iter = roarings.cbegin(); roaring_iter != 
roaring_destination;
+                 ++roaring_iter) {
+                result += roaring_iter->second.cardinality();
+            }
+            result += roaring_destination->second.rank(lowBytes(x));
+            return result;
+        }
+        roaring_destination = roarings.lower_bound(highBytes(x));
+        for (auto roaring_iter = roarings.cbegin(); roaring_iter != 
roaring_destination;
+             ++roaring_iter) {
+            result += roaring_iter->second.cardinality();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write a bitmap to a char buffer.
+     * Returns how many bytes were written which should be getSizeInBytes().
+     */
+    size_t write(char* buf) const {
+        if (is32BitsEnough()) {
+            *(buf++) = BitmapTypeCode::type::BITMAP32;
+            auto it = roarings.find(0);
+            if (it == roarings.end()) { // empty bitmap
+                Roaring r;
+                return r.write(buf) + 1;
+            }
+            return it->second.write(buf) + 1;
+        }
+
+        const char* orig = buf;
+        // put type code
+        *(buf++) = BitmapTypeCode::type::BITMAP64;
+        // push map size
+        buf = (char*)encode_varint64((uint8_t*)buf, roarings.size());
+        std::for_each(roarings.cbegin(), roarings.cend(),
+                      [&buf](const std::pair<uint32_t, Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                          // push map key
+                          encode_fixed32_le((uint8_t*)buf, map_entry.first);
+                          buf += sizeof(uint32_t);
+                          // push map value Roaring
+                          buf += map_entry.second.write(buf);
+                      });
+        return buf - orig;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * read a bitmap from a serialized version.
+     *
+     * This function is unsafe in the sense that if you provide bad data,
+     * many bytes could be read, possibly causing a buffer overflow. See also 
readSafe.
+     */
+    static Roaring64Map read(const char* buf) {
+        Roaring64Map result;
+
+        if (*buf == BitmapTypeCode::BITMAP32) {
+            Roaring read = Roaring::read(buf + 1);
+            result.emplaceOrInsert(0, read);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        DCHECK_EQ(BitmapTypeCode::BITMAP64, *buf);
+        buf++;
+
+        // get map size (varint64 took 1~10 bytes)
+        uint64_t map_size;
+        buf = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
+                decode_varint64_ptr(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(buf),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(buf + 
10), &map_size));
+        DCHECK(buf != nullptr);
+        for (uint64_t lcv = 0; lcv < map_size; lcv++) {
+            // get map key
+            uint32_t key = decode_fixed32_le(reinterpret_cast<const 
uint8_t*>(buf));
+            buf += sizeof(uint32_t);
+            // read map value Roaring
+            Roaring read = Roaring::read(buf);
+            result.emplaceOrInsert(key, read);
+            // forward buffer past the last Roaring Bitmap
+            buf += read.getSizeInBytes();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * How many bytes are required to serialize this bitmap
+     */
+    size_t getSizeInBytes() const {
+        if (is32BitsEnough()) {
+            auto it = roarings.find(0);
+            if (it == roarings.end()) { // empty bitmap
+                Roaring r;
+                return r.getSizeInBytes() + 1;
+            }
+            return it->second.getSizeInBytes() + 1;
+        }
+        // start with type code, map size and size of keys for each map entry
+        size_t init = 1 + varint_length(roarings.size()) + roarings.size() * 
sizeof(uint32_t);
+        return std::accumulate(roarings.cbegin(), roarings.cend(), init,
+                               [=](size_t previous, const std::pair<uint32_t, 
Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                                   // add in bytes used by each Roaring
+                                   return previous + 
map_entry.second.getSizeInBytes();
+                               });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * remove all elements
+     */
+    void clear() { roarings.clear(); }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether all elements can be represented in 32 bits
+     */
+    bool is32BitsEnough() const { return maximum() <= 
std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max(); }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the intersection between two bitmaps and returns new bitmap.
+     * The current bitmap and the provided bitmap are unchanged.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map operator&(const Roaring64Map& o) const { return 
Roaring64Map(*this) &= o; }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the difference between two bitmaps and returns new bitmap.
+     * The current bitmap and the provided bitmap are unchanged.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map operator-(const Roaring64Map& o) const { return 
Roaring64Map(*this) -= o; }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the union between two bitmaps and returns new bitmap.
+     * The current bitmap and the provided bitmap are unchanged.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map operator|(const Roaring64Map& o) const { return 
Roaring64Map(*this) |= o; }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the symmetric union between two bitmaps and returns new bitmap.
+     * The current bitmap and the provided bitmap are unchanged.
+     */
+    Roaring64Map operator^(const Roaring64Map& o) const { return 
Roaring64Map(*this) ^= o; }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether or not we apply copy and write.
+     */
+    void setCopyOnWrite(bool val) {
+        if (copyOnWrite == val) return;
+        copyOnWrite = val;
+        std::for_each(roarings.begin(), roarings.end(),
+                      [=](std::pair<const uint32_t, Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                          map_entry.second.setCopyOnWrite(val);
+                      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print the content of the bitmap
+     */
+    void printf() const {
+        if (!isEmpty()) {
+            auto map_iter = roarings.cbegin();
+            while (map_iter->second.isEmpty()) ++map_iter;
+            struct iter_data {
+                uint32_t high_bits;
+                char first_char = '{';
+            } outer_iter_data;
+            outer_iter_data.high_bits = roarings.begin()->first;
+            map_iter->second.iterate(
+                    [](uint32_t low_bits, void* inner_iter_data) -> bool {
+                        std::printf("%c%llu", 
((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->first_char,
+                                    (long long unsigned)uniteBytes(
+                                            
((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->high_bits, low_bits));
+                        ((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->first_char = ',';
+                        return true;
+                    },
+                    (void*)&outer_iter_data);
+            std::for_each(
+                    ++map_iter, roarings.cend(), [](const std::pair<uint32_t, 
Roaring>& map_entry) {
+                        map_entry.second.iterate(
+                                [](uint32_t low_bits, void* high_bits) -> bool 
{
+                                    std::printf(",%llu", (long long 
unsigned)uniteBytes(
+                                                                 
*(uint32_t*)high_bits, low_bits));
+                                    return true;
+                                },
+                                (void*)&map_entry.first);
+                    });
+        } else
+            std::printf("{");
+        std::printf("}\n");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print the content of the bitmap into a string
+     */
+    std::string toString() const {
+        struct iter_data {
+            std::string str;
+            uint32_t high_bits;
+            char first_char = '{';
+        } outer_iter_data;
+        if (!isEmpty()) {
+            auto map_iter = roarings.cbegin();
+            while (map_iter->second.isEmpty()) ++map_iter;
+            outer_iter_data.high_bits = roarings.begin()->first;
+            map_iter->second.iterate(
+                    [](uint32_t low_bits, void* inner_iter_data) -> bool {
+                        ((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->str +=
+                                ((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->first_char;
+                        ((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->str += std::to_string(
+                                
uniteBytes(((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->high_bits, low_bits));
+                        ((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->first_char = ',';
+                        return true;
+                    },
+                    (void*)&outer_iter_data);
+            std::for_each(
+                    ++map_iter, roarings.cend(),
+                    [&outer_iter_data](const std::pair<uint32_t, Roaring>& 
map_entry) {
+                        outer_iter_data.high_bits = map_entry.first;
+                        map_entry.second.iterate(
+                                [](uint32_t low_bits, void* inner_iter_data) 
-> bool {
+                                    ((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->str +=
+                                            
((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->first_char;
+                                    ((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->str += 
std::to_string(uniteBytes(
+                                            
((iter_data*)inner_iter_data)->high_bits, low_bits));
+                                    return true;
+                                },
+                                (void*)&outer_iter_data);
+                    });
+        } else
+            outer_iter_data.str = '{';
+        outer_iter_data.str += '}';
+        return outer_iter_data.str;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether or not copy and write is active.
+     */
+    bool getCopyOnWrite() const { return copyOnWrite; }
+
+    /**
+     * computes the logical or (union) between "n" bitmaps (referenced by a
+     * pointer).
+     */
+    static Roaring64Map fastunion(size_t n, const Roaring64Map** inputs) {
+        Roaring64Map ans;
+        // not particularly fast
+        for (size_t lcv = 0; lcv < n; ++lcv) {
+            ans |= *(inputs[lcv]);
+        }
+        return ans;
+    }
+
+    friend class Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator;
+    typedef Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator const_iterator;
+
+    /**
+    * Returns an iterator that can be used to access the position of the
+    * set bits. The running time complexity of a full scan is proportional to
+    * the
+    * number
+    * of set bits: be aware that if you have long strings of 1s, this can be
+    * very inefficient.
+    *
+    * It can be much faster to use the toArray method if you want to
+    * retrieve the set bits.
+    */
+    const_iterator begin() const;
+
+    /**
+    * A bogus iterator that can be used together with begin()
+    * for constructions such as for(auto i = b.begin();
+    * i!=b.end(); ++i) {}
+    */
+    const_iterator end() const;
+
+private:
+    std::map<uint32_t, Roaring> roarings;
+    bool copyOnWrite = false;
+    static uint32_t highBytes(const uint64_t in) { return uint32_t(in >> 32); }
+    static uint32_t lowBytes(const uint64_t in) { return uint32_t(in); }
+    static uint64_t uniteBytes(const uint32_t highBytes, const uint32_t 
lowBytes) {
+        return (uint64_t(highBytes) << 32) | uint64_t(lowBytes);
+    }
+    // this is needed to tolerate gcc's C++11 libstdc++ lacking emplace
+    // prior to version 4.8
+    void emplaceOrInsert(const uint32_t key, const Roaring& value) {
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) && __GLIBCXX__ < 20130322
+        roarings.insert(std::make_pair(key, value));
+#else
+        roarings.emplace(std::make_pair(key, value));
+#endif
+    }
+};
+
+// Forked from 
https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/CRoaring/blob/v0.2.60/cpp/roaring64map.hh
+// Used to go through the set bits. Not optimally fast, but convenient.
+class Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator final {
+public:
+    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+    typedef uint64_t* pointer;
+    typedef uint64_t& reference_type;
+    typedef uint64_t value_type;
+    typedef int64_t difference_type;
+    typedef Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator type_of_iterator;
+
+    /**
+     * Provides the location of the set bit.
+     */
+    value_type operator*() const {
+        return Roaring64Map::uniteBytes(map_iter->first, i.current_value);
+    }
+
+    bool operator<(const type_of_iterator& o) {
+        if (map_iter == map_end) return false;
+        if (o.map_iter == o.map_end) return true;
+        return **this < *o;
+    }
+
+    bool operator<=(const type_of_iterator& o) {
+        if (o.map_iter == o.map_end) return true;
+        if (map_iter == map_end) return false;
+        return **this <= *o;
+    }
+
+    bool operator>(const type_of_iterator& o) {
+        if (o.map_iter == o.map_end) return false;
+        if (map_iter == map_end) return true;
+        return **this > *o;
+    }
+
+    bool operator>=(const type_of_iterator& o) {
+        if (map_iter == map_end) return true;
+        if (o.map_iter == o.map_end) return false;
+        return **this >= *o;
+    }
+
+    type_of_iterator& operator++() { // ++i, must returned inc. value
+        if (i.has_value == true) roaring_advance_uint32_iterator(&i);
+        while (!i.has_value) {
+            map_iter++;
+            if (map_iter == map_end) return *this;
+            roaring_init_iterator(&map_iter->second.roaring, &i);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    type_of_iterator operator++(int) { // i++, must return orig. value
+        Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator orig(*this);
+        roaring_advance_uint32_iterator(&i);
+        while (!i.has_value) {
+            map_iter++;
+            if (map_iter == map_end) return orig;
+            roaring_init_iterator(&map_iter->second.roaring, &i);
+        }
+        return orig;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator& o) {
+        if (map_iter == map_end && o.map_iter == o.map_end) return true;
+        if (o.map_iter == o.map_end) return false;
+        return **this == *o;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator& o) {
+        if (map_iter == map_end && o.map_iter == o.map_end) return false;
+        if (o.map_iter == o.map_end) return true;
+        return **this != *o;
+    }
+
+    Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator(const Roaring64Map& parent, bool 
exhausted = false)
+            : map_end(parent.roarings.cend()) {
+        if (exhausted || parent.roarings.empty()) {
+            map_iter = parent.roarings.cend();
+        } else {
+            map_iter = parent.roarings.cbegin();
+            roaring_init_iterator(&map_iter->second.roaring, &i);
+            while (!i.has_value) {
+                map_iter++;
+                if (map_iter == map_end) return;
+                roaring_init_iterator(&map_iter->second.roaring, &i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::map<uint32_t, Roaring>::const_iterator map_iter;
+    std::map<uint32_t, Roaring>::const_iterator map_end;
+    roaring_uint32_iterator_t i;
+};
+
+inline Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator Roaring64Map::begin() const {
+    return Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator(*this);
+}
+
+inline Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator Roaring64Map::end() const {
+    return Roaring64MapSetBitForwardIterator(*this, true);
+}
+
+// Represent the in-memory and on-disk structure of Doris's BITMAP data type.
+// Optimize for the case where the bitmap contains 0 or 1 element which is 
common
+// for streaming load scenario.
+class BitmapValue {
+public:
+    // Construct an empty bitmap.
+    BitmapValue() : _type(EMPTY) {}
+
+    // Construct a bitmap with one element.
+    explicit BitmapValue(uint64_t value) : _sv(value), _type(SINGLE) {}
+
+    // Construct a bitmap from serialized data.
+    explicit BitmapValue(const char* src) {
+        bool res = deserialize(src);
+        DCHECK(res);
+    }
+
+    // Construct a bitmap from given elements.
+    explicit BitmapValue(const std::vector<uint64_t>& bits) {
+        switch (bits.size()) {
+            case 0:
+                _type = EMPTY;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                _type = SINGLE;
+                _sv = bits[0];
+                break;
+            default:
+                _type = BITMAP;
+                _bitmap.addMany(bits.size(), &bits[0]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void add(uint64_t value) {
+        switch (_type) {
+            case EMPTY:
+                _sv = value;
+                _type = SINGLE;
+                break;
+            case SINGLE:
+                _bitmap.add(_sv);
+                _bitmap.add(value);
+                _type = BITMAP;
+                break;
+            case BITMAP:
+                _bitmap.add(value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Compute the union between the current bitmap and the provided bitmap.
+    // Possible type transitions are:
+    // EMPTY  -> SINGLE
+    // EMPTY  -> BITMAP
+    // SINGLE -> BITMAP
+    BitmapValue& operator|=(const BitmapValue& rhs) {
+        switch (rhs._type) {
+            case EMPTY:
+                break;
+            case SINGLE:
+                add(rhs._sv);
+                break;
+            case BITMAP:
+                switch (_type) {
+                    case EMPTY:
+                        _bitmap = rhs._bitmap;
+                        _type = BITMAP;
+                        break;
+                    case SINGLE:
+                        _bitmap = rhs._bitmap;
+                        _bitmap.add(_sv);
+                        _type = BITMAP;
+                        break;
+                    case BITMAP:
+                        _bitmap |= rhs._bitmap;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Compute the intersection between the current bitmap and the provided 
bitmap.
+    // Possible type transitions are:
+    // SINGLE -> EMPTY
+    // BITMAP -> EMPTY
+    // BITMAP -> SINGLE
+    BitmapValue& operator&=(const BitmapValue& rhs) {
+        switch (rhs._type) {
+            case EMPTY:
+                _type = EMPTY;
+                _bitmap.clear();
+                break;
+            case SINGLE:
+                switch (_type) {
+                    case EMPTY:
+                        break;
+                    case SINGLE:
+                        if (_sv != rhs._sv) {
+                            _type = EMPTY;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case BITMAP:
+                        if (!_bitmap.contains(rhs._sv)) {
+                            _type = EMPTY;
+                        } else {
+                            _type = SINGLE;
+                            _sv = rhs._sv;
+                        }
+                        _bitmap.clear();
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            case BITMAP:
+                switch (_type) {
+                    case EMPTY:
+                        break;
+                    case SINGLE:
+                        if (!rhs._bitmap.contains(_sv)) {
+                            _type = EMPTY;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case BITMAP:
+                        _bitmap &= rhs._bitmap;
+                        _convert_to_smaller_type();
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // check if value x is present
+    bool contains(uint64_t x) {
+        switch (_type) {
+            case EMPTY:
+                return false;
+            case SINGLE:
+                return _sv == x;
+            case BITMAP:
+                return _bitmap.contains(x);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO should the return type be uint64_t?
+    int64_t cardinality() const {
+        switch (_type) {
+            case EMPTY:
+                return 0;
+            case SINGLE:
+                return 1;
+            case BITMAP:
+                return _bitmap.cardinality();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Return how many bytes are required to serialize this bitmap.
+    // See BitmapTypeCode for the serialized format.
+    size_t getSizeInBytes() {
+        size_t res = 0;
+        switch (_type) {
+            case EMPTY:
+                res = 1;
+                break;
+            case SINGLE:
+                if (_sv <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
+                    res = 1 + sizeof(uint32_t);
+                } else {
+                    res = 1 + sizeof(uint64_t);
+                }
+                break;
+            case BITMAP:
+                DCHECK(_bitmap.cardinality() > 1);
+                _bitmap.runOptimize();
+                _bitmap.shrinkToFit();
+                res = _bitmap.getSizeInBytes();
+                break;
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    // Serialize the bitmap value to dst, which should be large enough.
+    // Client should call `getSizeInBytes` first to get the serialized size.
+    void write(char* dst) {
+        switch (_type) {
+            case EMPTY:
+                *dst = BitmapTypeCode::EMPTY;
+                break;
+            case SINGLE:
+                if (_sv <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
+                    *(dst++) = BitmapTypeCode::SINGLE32;
+                    encode_fixed32_le(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dst), 
static_cast<uint32_t>(_sv));
+                } else {
+                    *(dst++) = BitmapTypeCode::SINGLE64;
+                    encode_fixed64_le(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dst), _sv);
+                }
+                break;
+            case BITMAP:
 
 Review comment:
   OK, I've moved Roaring64Map and related class into `doris::detail` namespace

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