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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-18773?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=17768628#comment-17768628
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Stefan Miklosovic edited comment on CASSANDRA-18773 at 9/26/23 8:02 AM:
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Branches

[trunk|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-trunk]
[5.0|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-5.0]
[4.1|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-4.1]
[4.0|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-4.0]

builds

[trunk j17 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3219/workflows/deef3892-0dbe-4f8b-b442-86c195663f54]
[trunk j11 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3230/workflows/6b117ebe-050d-4e79-adbd-c5568418612b]
[trunk precommit with jvm upgrade 
dtests|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3235/workflows/c94c6ee0-adf1-41b3-be57-eba34ab917ee]
[5.0 j17 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3220/workflows/1bdb19c9-93fd-4320-ac9d-7f5e574e907e]
[4.1 j11 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3228/workflows/38367be4-c947-4de3-9c0e-fadf65f9c2f1]
[4.0 j11 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3204/workflows/c918e015-273c-4f9a-ad1a-4879f4e2d057]
[4.0 j8 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3204/workflows/68102af9-32c3-403a-8bd0-76f1898feca0]


was (Author: smiklosovic):
Branches

[trunk|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-trunk]
[5.0|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-5.0]
[4.1|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-4.1]
[4.0|https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra/tree/CASSANDRA-18773-4.0]

builds

[trunk j17 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3219/workflows/deef3892-0dbe-4f8b-b442-86c195663f54]
[trunk j11 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3230/workflows/6b117ebe-050d-4e79-adbd-c5568418612b]
[5.0 j17 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3220/workflows/1bdb19c9-93fd-4320-ac9d-7f5e574e907e]
[4.1 j11 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3228/workflows/38367be4-c947-4de3-9c0e-fadf65f9c2f1]
[4.0 j11 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3204/workflows/c918e015-273c-4f9a-ad1a-4879f4e2d057]
[4.0 j8 
pre-commit|https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/instaclustr/cassandra/3204/workflows/68102af9-32c3-403a-8bd0-76f1898feca0]

> Compactions are slow
> --------------------
>
>                 Key: CASSANDRA-18773
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-18773
>             Project: Cassandra
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: Local/Compaction
>            Reporter: Cameron Zemek
>            Assignee: Cameron Zemek
>            Priority: Normal
>             Fix For: 4.0.x, 4.1.x, 5.0.x, 5.x
>
>         Attachments: 18773.patch, compact-poc.patch, flamegraph.png, 
> stress.yaml
>
>          Time Spent: 2h 50m
>  Remaining Estimate: 0h
>
> I have noticed that compactions involving a lot of sstables are very slow 
> (for example major compactions). I have attached a cassandra stress profile 
> that can generate such a dataset under ccm. In my local test I have 2567 
> sstables at 4Mb each.
> I added code to track wall clock time of various parts of the code. One 
> problematic part is ManyToOne constructor. Tracing through the code for every 
> partition creating a ManyToOne for all the sstable iterators for each 
> partition. In my local test get a measy 60Kb/sec read speed, and bottlenecked 
> on single core CPU (since this code is single threaded) with it spending 85% 
> of the wall clock time in ManyToOne constructor.
> As another datapoint to show its the merge iterator part of the code using 
> the cfstats from [https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra-sstable-tools/] 
> which reads all the sstables but does no merging gets 26Mb/sec read speed.
> Tracking back from ManyToOne call I see this in 
> UnfilteredPartitionIterators::merge
> {code:java}
>                 for (int i = 0; i < toMerge.size(); i++)
>                 {
>                     if (toMerge.get(i) == null)
>                     {
>                         if (null == empty)
>                             empty = EmptyIterators.unfilteredRow(metadata, 
> partitionKey, isReverseOrder);
>                         toMerge.set(i, empty);
>                     }
>                 }
>  {code}
> Not sure what purpose of creating these empty rows are. But on a whim I 
> removed all these empty iterators before passing to ManyToOne and then all 
> the wall clock time shifted to CompactionIterator::hasNext() and read speed 
> increased to 1.5Mb/s.
> So there are further bottlenecks in this code path it seems, but the first is 
> this ManyToOne and having to build it for every partition read.



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