>> While playing with GPU programming, I had a lot of such freeze, and they 
>> never locked the CPU. I was always able to connect to my machine though SSH.

Sometimes you can, sometimes you can't.  It depends on exactly how things fail.

> So a regular user process can permanently lock up the display, requiring a 
> reboot, just by executing some bad GPU code?! That’s kind of a bad privilege 
> violation and could be considered a DoS exploit.

Yes, it is.  A particularly serious one.  It's been a pet peeve of mine for 
years that this is knowingly ignored by those who should know better.

Last I checked, there was a watchdog mechanism on the GPU that would fire after 
some time (7 seconds on nVidia GPUs).  That signals the driver (on the CPU) 
that it's doing a watchdog reset.  Unfortunately, the drivers don't really 
handle that.  They could - and *should* - reinitialise and recover, but it's 
just not implemented (or at least wasn't, a year or two ago).

[[ There's probably also timeouts implemented in the driver and various other 
layers, though I don't know the details. ]]

If you've ever done any CUDA work you'll be all too familiar with this problem. 
 Much of nVidia's own example code will trigger this failure mode, and most 
require a reboot to recover from.

In general GPUs are in a comparative stone-age when it comes to security and 
stability.  They're getting better - retracing the steps of CPUs thirty years 
ago while thinking they're being very clever, in a cutely naive way - but it'll 
probably be many years before these problems are properly resolved.

AMD & Intel are significantly ahead of nVidia in this regard, I hear.  But 
personally, after having every single nVidia-packing machine I've ever owned 
die (sometimes repeatedly) due to GPU-related hardware faults, I'd never buy an 
nVidia based machine to begin with.  But I digress...  back to trying to 
recover data from my 8800GS iMac...  again...
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