A weld is rarely stronger than the original unless the welder is excellent.
Adding a welded reinforcing gusset will increase the strength, and may even
make it stronger than the original.
Not sure how attaching a carbon fiber plate will increase the strength because
it will be entirely dependent on the adhesive to steel bond and it is for
certain not going to make it as strong as the original unless the entire stem
is encased in carbon fiber and epoxy. But then, you might as well have a new
stem fabricated at that point.
Your best bet for economic sturdy repair is to weld the crack and then add a
gusset, assuming the crack runs left and right.
Hope this helps.
James
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