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Juan Alberto Cirez wrote:
> Good day Friends,
> I got a message from one of by bodies in BC with the following problem:
> "...I've run into a problem I'm not sure how to fix. I have a server set
> up at a school, for file sharing and authentication. It's a SME server,
> based on CentOS. It's been working great for them for 4 years now, but
> recently they had some power issues where the power had been
> disconnected from the server suddenly. Now as it boots, it gets to the
> part where it loads the filesystem and passes it to the kernel, then it
> errors on reading the 1st file (a config file or library, can't
> remember) and it gets a Kernel Panic message, and an error 21. I think
> the disk is corrupt, but not sure how to fix. Is there some kind of disk
> check utility for linux to check the disks integrity, and hopefully
> repair it, or am I barking up the wrong tree, and it's something else?..."
> 
> Here is my reply. I know. Not very helpful...
> "...You have to be more specific. Can you get the text of the error.
> Depending on the file system you're using Ext2, Ext3, ReiserFS, etc. the
> file system may or may not get corrupted when the server is not shutdown
> properly. It may also be a case of a single or multiple files being
> corrupted or the kernel itself being corrupted...bottom line: need more
> info..."
> 
> Anything you guys can add will be appreciated.
> Thanks
> 
The first questions to be answered are:

1) what file system (sounds like ext2, reiser, or fat).
2) what is the media and interface (compact flash, PATA, SATA, SCSI.)

The answers will dictate the next steps.

You could boot with a live distro, my favourite is systemrescuecd,
though Ubuntu or even Knoppix should be fine as well.  Once booted you
could check the drive with:
parted /dev/<dev> print
to see what partitions are there.  This would also tell you the file
systems on that disk.  fsck by itself will do its best to autodetect the
FS, but I tend to specify it explicitly on the command line (eg.
fsck.ext3 -cfv /dev/sda1)

Hth,
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