Hi Jonathan

On Thu, 27 May 2021 at 18:34, Hughes, Jonathan <
jon.hug...@bot3.bio.uni-giessen.de> wrote:

 "B = 8π2<u2>  where u is the r.m.s. displacement of a scattering center,
and <...> denotes time averaging"

Neither of those statements is necessarily correct: u is the
_instantaneous_ displacement which of course is constantly changing (on a
timescale of the order of femtoseconds) and cannot be measured.  So u2 is
the squared instantaneous displacement, <u2>  is the mean-squared
displacement, and so the root-mean-squared displacement (which of course is
amenable to measurement) is sqrt(<u2>), not the same thing at all as u.

Incidentally, the 8π2 constant factor comes from Fourier-transforming the
Debye-Waller factor expression I mentioned earlier.

Also for crystals at least, the averaging is not only over time, it's over
all unit cells, i.e. the displacements are not only thermal in origin but
also due to spatial static disorder (instantaneous differences between unit
cells).

it would seem to me that we would be able to interpret things MUCH more
> easily with u rather than anything derived from u².
>
So then I think what you mean is sqrt(<u2>) rather than <u2>, which seems
not unreasonable.

Cheers

-- Ian

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