Jim wrote:
"technically, not in Phenix either.  The real-space refinement in Phenix simply 
picks peaks in the density and then pulls nearby atoms toward them. .  Like a 
black hole gobbling up nearby planets (snip)"
Do you have a reference to support this assertion?
"It took me a while to realize that! If you manage to turn off geometry 
restraints (as I eventually did) all the atoms end up on top of each other."
As expected if no bond distance is enforced, unless you have very high 
resolution to the point that density for each atom becomes discrete. Since that 
is very unlikely to be your case your observation: does not prove anything 
about how Phenix works.
>From phenix.refine documentation:

"Coordinates can be refined using:
*         (snip)
*         individual coordinate refinement in real-space using a combination of 
gradient-driven (LBFGS) minimization and local torsion-angle grid searches"
Hopefully someone from the Phenix team will give some clarifications. But the 
statement above indicates that Phenix is capable of performing real space 
refinement by some other means than the "black hole approach".

Thierry




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