Pragyansh Chaturvedi has proposed merging 
~r41k0u/ubuntu-manual-tests:fix-raspi-audio into ubuntu-manual-tests:main.

Commit message:
fix: audio over HDMI on RPi 3B+ (or lower) running Ubuntu Server

The HDMI port on Raspberry Pi 3B+ and below supports the IEC958
bitrate and 22050 Hz Sampling rate. We need to add this tweak to
the tests to avoid choppy/no sound on Ubuntu Server images

Requested reviews:
  Ubuntu Testcase Admins (ubuntu-testcase)
Related bugs:
  Bug #2063255 in linux-raspi (Ubuntu): "Cannot play audio via HDMI on server"
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-raspi/+bug/2063255

For more details, see:
https://code.launchpad.net/~r41k0u/ubuntu-manual-tests/+git/ubuntu-manual-tests/+merge/482208
-- 
Your team Canonical's Ubuntu QA is subscribed to branch 
ubuntu-manual-tests:main.
diff --git a/definitions/pi_server_cases.xml b/definitions/pi_server_cases.xml
index fcaf6bd..d8d4225 100644
--- a/definitions/pi_server_cases.xml
+++ b/definitions/pi_server_cases.xml
@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the <ut:var name="output" /></li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg &quot;Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3&quot;
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i &quot;Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3&quot;
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1711_RaspberryPi 4 2GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1711_RaspberryPi 4 2GB Post-install
index 1ddbdd4..5b72a31 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1711_RaspberryPi 4 2GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1711_RaspberryPi 4 2GB Post-install
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -166,11 +166,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the headphone jack</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1719_RaspberryPi 4 4GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1719_RaspberryPi 4 4GB Post-install
index 2c8aa6e..f12230f 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1719_RaspberryPi 4 4GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1719_RaspberryPi 4 4GB Post-install
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -166,11 +166,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the headphone jack</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1720_RaspberryPi 4 8GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1720_RaspberryPi 4 8GB Post-install
index b56498f..2ffcb28 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1720_RaspberryPi 4 8GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1720_RaspberryPi 4 8GB Post-install
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -166,11 +166,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the headphone jack</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1721_RaspberryPi 3B+ Post-install b/testcases/image/1721_RaspberryPi 3B+ Post-install
index 78463c1..375cf3d 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1721_RaspberryPi 3B+ Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1721_RaspberryPi 3B+ Post-install
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the headphone jack</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1722_RaspberryPi 3B Post-install b/testcases/image/1722_RaspberryPi 3B Post-install
index bcc7dd0..8a426a1 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1722_RaspberryPi 3B Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1722_RaspberryPi 3B Post-install
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the headphone jack</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1723_RaspberryPi 3A+ Post-install b/testcases/image/1723_RaspberryPi 3A+ Post-install
index ae883a8..0836068 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1723_RaspberryPi 3A+ Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1723_RaspberryPi 3A+ Post-install
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the headphone jack</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1724_RaspberryPi 2 Post-install b/testcases/image/1724_RaspberryPi 2 Post-install
index 4a98178..f14809e 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1724_RaspberryPi 2 Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1724_RaspberryPi 2 Post-install
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the headphone jack</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1726_RaspberryPi CM3+ Post-install b/testcases/image/1726_RaspberryPi CM3+ Post-install
index 5c5e65d..c0b0154 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1726_RaspberryPi CM3+ Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1726_RaspberryPi CM3+ Post-install
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1727_RaspberryPi CM3+ Lite Post-install b/testcases/image/1727_RaspberryPi CM3+ Lite Post-install
index 80eb93d..5a008f5 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1727_RaspberryPi CM3+ Lite Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1727_RaspberryPi CM3+ Lite Post-install
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1740_RaspberryPi 400 Post-install b/testcases/image/1740_RaspberryPi 400 Post-install
index beeaf77..8ccf7bf 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1740_RaspberryPi 400 Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1740_RaspberryPi 400 Post-install
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1741_RaspberryPi CM4 2GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1741_RaspberryPi CM4 2GB Post-install
index 3669cf4..25daa59 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1741_RaspberryPi CM4 2GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1741_RaspberryPi CM4 2GB Post-install
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1742_RaspberryPi CM4 4GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1742_RaspberryPi CM4 4GB Post-install
index d75488f..aabb977 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1742_RaspberryPi CM4 4GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1742_RaspberryPi CM4 4GB Post-install
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1752_RaspberryPi Zero 2 Post-install b/testcases/image/1752_RaspberryPi Zero 2 Post-install
index 79e9236..c4e5027 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1752_RaspberryPi Zero 2 Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1752_RaspberryPi Zero 2 Post-install
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1777_RaspberryPi CM4 8GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1777_RaspberryPi CM4 8GB Post-install
index c988f40..d8e6e88 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1777_RaspberryPi CM4 8GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1777_RaspberryPi CM4 8GB Post-install
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1793_RaspberryPi 5 4GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1793_RaspberryPi 5 4GB Post-install
index 65e788c..5ac3660 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1793_RaspberryPi 5 4GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1793_RaspberryPi 5 4GB Post-install
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1794_RaspberryPi 5 8GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1794_RaspberryPi 5 8GB Post-install
index 1858797..40cfc83 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1794_RaspberryPi 5 8GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1794_RaspberryPi 5 8GB Post-install
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1824_RaspberryPi 5 2GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1824_RaspberryPi 5 2GB Post-install
index 7cab895..3e77d9e 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1824_RaspberryPi 5 2GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1824_RaspberryPi 5 2GB Post-install
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1825_RaspberryPi 5 16GB Post-install b/testcases/image/1825_RaspberryPi 5 16GB Post-install
index 082e885..292d9b4 100644
--- a/testcases/image/1825_RaspberryPi 5 16GB Post-install
+++ b/testcases/image/1825_RaspberryPi 5 16GB Post-install
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI0 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@
           <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
           for the HDMI1 port</li>
         <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
-          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
           substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
           previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
-           e.g. <code>ffmpeg "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
-          -f alsa default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
         <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
           wish</li>
         <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
diff --git a/testcases/image/1826_RaspberryPi 500 Post-install b/testcases/image/1826_RaspberryPi 500 Post-install
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01f0c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testcases/image/1826_RaspberryPi 500 Post-install
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+<!-- Please do not edit this file directly; it was generated with the
+     tools/test_case_gen script using the following configuration as input:
+     definitions/pi_server_cases.xml
+-->
+
+    
+    <p>This test case is to be carried out on a Raspberry Pi 500.</p>
+    <p>Follow the installation steps at <a href="https://ubuntu.com/download/iot/installation-media";>
+      IoT installation media</a>
+    </p>
+    <dl>
+      
+    
+    <dt>
+      After powering on the machine, look at the power LED
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      The power LED illuminates and stays illuminated while the kernel continues
+      to boot. 
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      After logging in, run <code>systemctl status</code>, and look at the
+      "State:" reported at the top of the output
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      State should be reported as "running". In particular, it should
+      <em>not</em> read "degraded".
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Run <code>sudo flash-kernel</code>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      Exit code is clean (0) and no error messages are reported
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Run <code>sudo reboot</code>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      System reboots successfully to a login prompt
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Run <code>sudo shutdown -h now</code>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      System shuts down in a reasonable time (less than a minute)
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Check output of <code>free -h</code>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      Reported "Mem" under "total" is consistent with a
+      Raspberry Pi 500. It should be in the region of 7.6-7.8GB.
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Perform a large (300-600MB) file copy to USB storage
+      <ul>
+        <li>Generate a large (500MB) file: <code>dd if=/dev/urandom of=rubbish
+          bs=1M count=500</code></li>
+        <li>Insert a USB stick (appropriately sized) into a spare USB port</li>
+        <li>Make a mount directory: <code>sudo mkdir /mnt/stick</code></li>
+        <li>Mount the stick: <code>sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/stick</code>
+          (modify mount-point as necessary; check <code>sudo dmesg</code>
+          output if unsure)</li>
+        <li>Copy the file: <code>sudo cp rubbish /mnt/stick/</code></li>
+        <li>Unmount the stick: <code>sudo umount /mnt/stick</code></li>
+        <li>Remove the stick from the USB port</li>
+        <li>Re-insert the stick into the USB port</li>
+        <li>Re-mount the stick: <code>sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/stick</code>
+          (again, adjust mount-point as necessary)</li>
+        <li>Compare the copied file to that on the stick: <code>cmp rubbish
+          /mnt/stick/rubbish</code></li>
+      </ul>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      <code>cmp</code> returns 0 and outputs nothing, indicating the files are
+      identical
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Connect a USB keyboard to one of the USB2 (black) ports
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      Verify that keys typed on the keyboard appear on the console
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Connect a USB keyboard to one of the USB3 (blue) ports
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      Verify that keys typed on the keyboard appear on the console
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      With an HDMI monitor that supports audio plugged into
+      the HDMI0 output, and an available MP3 file:
+      <ul>
+        <li>Install ffmpeg and amixer with <code>sudo apt install ffmpeg
+          alsa-utils</code></li>
+        <li>Find the correct card name for the HDMI0 port:
+          <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
+          for the HDMI0 port</li>
+        <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
+          previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+        <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
+          wish</li>
+        <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
+          not set too low; run <code>alsamixer</code>, and adjust the volume
+          (<tt>J</tt> for down, <tt>K</tt> for up) before exiting
+          (<tt>Esc</tt>) and retrying playback</li>
+      </ul>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>Audio can be heard through the device</dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      With an HDMI monitor that supports audio plugged into
+      the HDMI1 output, and an available MP3 file:
+      <ul>
+        <li>Install ffmpeg and amixer with <code>sudo apt install ffmpeg
+          alsa-utils</code></li>
+        <li>Find the correct card name for the HDMI1 port:
+          <code>cat /proc/asound/cards</code> and note the name in [brackets]
+          for the HDMI1 port</li>
+        <li>Attempt to play your MP3 file with: <code>ffmpeg -i
+          <em>music.mp3</em> -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=<em>name</em></code>
+          substituting <em>name</em> for the card name found during the
+          previous step, and <em>music.mp3</em> for your choice of MP3 file,
+           e.g. <code>ffmpeg -i "Jeff Wayne - War of the Worlds.mp3"
+          -f alsa -ar 22050 default:CARD=vc4hdmi0</code></li>
+        <li>Use <tt>Ctrl+C</tt> or <tt>q</tt> to end playback early, if you
+          wish</li>
+        <li>If you cannot hear anything, first check that the mixer's volume is
+          not set too low; run <code>alsamixer</code>, and adjust the volume
+          (<tt>J</tt> for down, <tt>K</tt> for up) before exiting
+          (<tt>Esc</tt>) and retrying playback</li>
+      </ul>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>Audio can be heard through the device</dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Check auto-configuration of ethernet
+      <ul>
+        <li>Run <code>ip addr</code></li>
+        <li>Check that a valid IP address is recorded on the eth0 interface</li>
+        <li>Check <code>ping google.com</code> successfully pings a few times
+          (<tt>Ctrl+C</tt> to cancel)</li>
+      </ul>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      The "eth0" interface should have a DHCP
+      assigned IP address and you should be able to ping google.com
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Configure wifi via netplan
+      <ul>
+        <li>Place the following in <code>/etc/netplan/wifi.yaml</code>
+        (substituting the SSID and password as necessary):</li>
+        <li><pre>
+      network:
+        version: 2
+          wifis:
+            wlan0:
+              dhcp4: true
+              access-points:
+                my-ssid-here:
+                  password: my-password-here</pre>
+        </li>
+        <li>Run <code>sudo netplan apply</code></li>
+        <li>Wait a few seconds (to allow DHCP to complete), then run <code>ip
+          addr</code></li>
+        <li>Check that a valid IP address is recorded on the wlan0 interface</li>
+        <li>Check <code>ping google.com</code> successfully pings a few times
+          (<tt>Ctrl+C</tt> to cancel)</li>
+      </ul>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      The "wlan0" interface should have a DHCP
+      assigned IP address and you should be able to ping google.com
+    </dd>
+  
+    
+    <dt>
+      Configure bluetooth, scan for, and pair, a device
+      <ul>
+        <li>Install bluez with <code>sudo apt install bluez</code></li>
+        <li>Run <code>sudo bluetoothctl</code></li>
+        <li>Check bluetoothctl prints <code>Agent registered</code></li>
+        <li>Check the MAC address looks "real" (not some obviously blank
+          value like AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA)</li>
+        <li>Run <code>scan on</code></li>
+        <li>Make some other Bluetooth device visible for pairing (e.g. go into
+          Bluetooth settings on your Android phone)</li>
+        <li>Verify the other Bluetooth device appears in console output</li>
+          <li>Run <code>pair XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX</code>
+          where XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX is the other device's MAC address, as it
+          appears in scan output
+        </li>
+        <li>Verify the passcode on both devices</li>
+        <li>Check output includes "Pairing successful"</li>
+        <li>Disable scanning with <code>scan off</code></li>
+        <li>Exit tool with <code>quit</code></li>
+      </ul>
+    </dt>
+    <dd>
+      The Bluetooth interface should have a valid MAC address (not
+      AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA), can see and pair with another Bluetooth device.
+    </dd>
+  
+  
+    </dl>
+    <p>If <strong>all</strong> actions produce the expected results listed,
+      please <a href="results#add_result">submit</a> a 'passed' result.</p>
+    <p>If <strong>any</strong> action fails, or produces an unexpected result,
+      please <a href="results#add_result">submit</a> a 'failed' result and <a href="../../buginstructions">file a bug</a>. Please be sure to include
+      the bug number when you <a href="results#add_result">submit</a> your
+      result.</p>
+  
\ No newline at end of file
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