Hello I am Morteza Ghorbani While Working with id utility, I found strange behavior. Suppose that my username is ‘user1’ , so if I remove user1 from a particular group (e.g. netdev) by the following instruction : gpasswd –delete user1 netdev
then if I enter the ‘id’ command, I will be noted that nothing has been changed and still see the group which I removed the use1 from. On the other hand, if I enter the command ‘ id user1 ‘, by this way I can see the changes ! In a nutshell, ‘id’ --> does not show the changes while ‘id user1’ shows the changes and its behavior is correct.