[2019-02-07 15:43] Nick Clifton <ni...@redhat.com>
>
> part text/plain 498
> Hi Dmitry,
>
> >>> Still, even this way, 400 bytes is more then twice as big, compared to
> >>> fasm. Any suggestions, how to shrink binary futher?
>
> > Thank you for suggestion. Tried both options; no difference -- 400
> > bytes.
>
> Ho Hum. In which case, do you know what is in the extra bytes ? If you
> link with the -Map=foo.map option you should get a map file which shows
> you how the output was constructed. Perhaps this can help you find out
> where the extra bytes are coming from.
Thank you for suggestion, but map did not reveal anything. The only part
(section?) with non zero size is .text of size 0xd (=13). This is
correct, raw instructions are really 13 bytes (according to `objdump -d').
According to `readelf --sections', there is only `.text' and `.shstrtab'
sections.
By the way, `readelf --sections' reports, that there is no sections in
fasm-generated binary. I do not know, how does fasm do it, but probably
is saves on section headers or something like this. Is is possible to
make `ld' do the same?
Also, there is PAX_HEADERS header in binutils-generated binary.
Here is map, maybe you could extract more of it:
Memory Configuration
Name Origin Length Attributes
*default* 0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff
Linker script and memory map
LOAD a01.o
[!provide] PROVIDE (__executable_start
= SEGMENT_START ("text-segment", 0x400000))
0x00000000004000b0 . = (SEGMENT_START
("text-segment", 0x400000) + SIZEOF_HEADERS)
.interp
*(.interp)
.note.gnu.build-id
*(.note.gnu.build-id)
.hash
*(.hash)
.gnu.hash
*(.gnu.hash)
.dynsym
*(.dynsym)
.dynstr
*(.dynstr)
.gnu.version
*(.gnu.version)
.gnu.version_d
*(.gnu.version_d)
.gnu.version_r
*(.gnu.version_r)
.rela.dyn 0x00000000004000b0 0x0
*(.rela.init)
*(.rela.text .rela.text.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.t.*)
*(.rela.fini)
*(.rela.rodata .rela.rodata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.r.*)
*(.rela.data .rela.data.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.d.*)
*(.rela.tdata .rela.tdata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.td.*)
*(.rela.tbss .rela.tbss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.tb.*)
*(.rela.ctors)
*(.rela.dtors)
*(.rela.got)
.rela.got 0x00000000004000b0 0x0 a01.o
*(.rela.bss .rela.bss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.b.*)
*(.rela.ldata .rela.ldata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.l.*)
*(.rela.lbss .rela.lbss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.lb.*)
*(.rela.lrodata .rela.lrodata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.lr.*)
*(.rela.ifunc)
.rela.plt 0x00000000004000b0 0x0
*(.rela.plt)
[!provide] PROVIDE (__rela_iplt_start
= .)
*(.rela.iplt)
.rela.iplt 0x00000000004000b0 0x0 a01.o
[!provide] PROVIDE (__rela_iplt_end =
.)
.init
*(SORT_NONE(.init))
.plt 0x00000000004000b0 0x0
*(.plt)
*(.iplt)
.iplt 0x00000000004000b0 0x0 a01.o
.plt.got
*(.plt.got)
.plt.sec
*(.plt.sec)
.text 0x00000000004000b0 0xd
*(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*)
*(.text.exit .text.exit.*)
*(.text.startup .text.startup.*)
*(.text.hot .text.hot.*)
*(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
.text 0x00000000004000b0 0xd a01.o
0x00000000004000b0 _start
*(.gnu.warning)
.fini
*(SORT_NONE(.fini))
[!provide] PROVIDE (__etext = .)
[!provide] PROVIDE (_etext = .)
[!provide] PROVIDE (etext = .)
.rodata
*(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*)
.rodata1
*(.rodata1)
.eh_frame_hdr
*(.eh_frame_hdr)
*(.eh_frame_entry .eh_frame_entry.*)
.eh_frame
*(.eh_frame)
*(.eh_frame.*)
.gcc_except_table
*(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*)
.gnu_extab
*(.gnu_extab*)
.exception_ranges
*(.exception_ranges .exception_ranges*)
0x00000000006000bd . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN
(CONSTANT (MAXPAGESIZE), CONSTANT (COMMONPAGESIZE))
.eh_frame
*(.eh_frame)
*(.eh_frame.*)
.gnu_extab
*(.gnu_extab)
.gcc_except_table
*(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*)
.exception_ranges
*(.exception_ranges .exception_ranges*)
.tdata
*(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*)
.tbss
*(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*)
*(.tcommon)
.preinit_array 0x00000000006000bd 0x0
[!provide] PROVIDE
(__preinit_array_start = .)
*(.preinit_array)
[!provide] PROVIDE
(__preinit_array_end = .)
.init_array 0x00000000006000bd 0x0
[!provide] PROVIDE (__init_array_start
= .)
*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*))
*(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o *crtbegin?.o *crtbegin.o)
.ctors)
[!provide] PROVIDE (__init_array_end =
.)
.fini_array 0x00000000006000bd 0x0
[!provide] PROVIDE (__fini_array_start
= .)
*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.fini_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.dtors.*))
*(.fini_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o *crtbegin?.o *crtbegin.o)
.dtors)
[!provide] PROVIDE (__fini_array_end =
.)
.ctors
*crtbegin.o(.ctors)
*crtbegin?.o(.ctors)
*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors)
*(SORT_BY_NAME(.ctors.*))
*(.ctors)
.dtors
*crtbegin.o(.dtors)
*crtbegin?.o(.dtors)
*(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors)
*(SORT_BY_NAME(.dtors.*))
*(.dtors)
.jcr
*(.jcr)
.data.rel.ro
*(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*)
*(.data.rel.ro .data.rel.ro.* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*)
.dynamic
*(.dynamic)
.got 0x00000000006000c0 0x0
*(.got)
.got 0x00000000006000c0 0x0 a01.o
*(.igot)
0x00000000006000c0 . = DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END
(., (SIZEOF (.got.plt) >= 0x18)?0x18:0x0)
.got.plt 0x00000000006000c0 0x0
*(.got.plt)
.got.plt 0x00000000006000c0 0x0 a01.o
*(.igot.plt)
.igot.plt 0x00000000006000c0 0x0 a01.o
.data 0x00000000006000bd 0x0
*(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*)
.data 0x00000000006000bd 0x0 a01.o
.data1
*(.data1)
0x00000000006000bd _edata = .
[!provide] PROVIDE (edata = .)
0x00000000006000bd . = .
0x00000000006000bd __bss_start = .
.bss 0x00000000006000bd 0x0
*(.dynbss)
*(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*)
.bss 0x00000000006000bd 0x0 a01.o
*(COMMON)
0x00000000006000bd . = ALIGN ((. !=
0x0)?0x8:0x1)
.lbss
*(.dynlbss)
*(.lbss .lbss.* .gnu.linkonce.lb.*)
*(LARGE_COMMON)
0x00000000006000c0 . = ALIGN (0x8)
0x00000000006000c0 . = SEGMENT_START
("ldata-segment", .)
.lrodata
*(.lrodata .lrodata.* .gnu.linkonce.lr.*)
.ldata 0x0000000000a000c0 0x0
*(.ldata .ldata.* .gnu.linkonce.l.*)
0x0000000000a000c0 . = ALIGN ((. !=
0x0)?0x8:0x1)
0x0000000000a000c0 . = ALIGN (0x8)
0x0000000000a000c0 _end = .
[!provide] PROVIDE (end = .)
0x0000000000a000c0 . = DATA_SEGMENT_END (.)
.stab
*(.stab)
.stabstr
*(.stabstr)
.stab.excl
*(.stab.excl)
.stab.exclstr
*(.stab.exclstr)
.stab.index
*(.stab.index)
.stab.indexstr
*(.stab.indexstr)
.comment
*(.comment)
.debug
*(.debug)
.line
*(.line)
.debug_srcinfo
*(.debug_srcinfo)
.debug_sfnames
*(.debug_sfnames)
.debug_aranges
*(.debug_aranges)
.debug_pubnames
*(.debug_pubnames)
.debug_info
*(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*)
.debug_abbrev
*(.debug_abbrev)
.debug_line
*(.debug_line .debug_line.* .debug_line_end)
.debug_frame
*(.debug_frame)
.debug_str
*(.debug_str)
.debug_loc
*(.debug_loc)
.debug_macinfo
*(.debug_macinfo)
.debug_weaknames
*(.debug_weaknames)
.debug_funcnames
*(.debug_funcnames)
.debug_typenames
*(.debug_typenames)
.debug_varnames
*(.debug_varnames)
.debug_pubtypes
*(.debug_pubtypes)
.debug_ranges
*(.debug_ranges)
.debug_macro
*(.debug_macro)
.debug_addr
*(.debug_addr)
.gnu.attributes
*(.gnu.attributes)
/DISCARD/
*(.note.GNU-stack)
*(.gnu_debuglink)
*(.gnu.lto_*)
OUTPUT(a01 elf64-x86-64)
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