hi. I am beginner too.dont worry . it means: when you want send or receive argument to function, in perl this parameter shown with $, for example : foo(a,b,c); a $1 b $2 c $3 and $# means all of arguments ------------------------------------------------------------- Best regards. Nafiseh Saberi Iran - Shiraz Try to always happy and hopefull. The smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. Love your enemies , it will cause to try more. -- please send me your sentences . ----------------------------------------------------------------------